Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kokunamathela kokuwa kokumba

Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle koketshezi lokumba, ukuhlunga okuningi kuzocwilisa ukwakheka bese kuxega. Noma i-shale ecwiliswe engxenyeni yomthombo ene-engeli yokucwilisa enkulu kakhulu iyanwebeka, isakazeke emthonjeni futhi ibangele ukubhoboza okubambekile.

Izimpawu zokuwa kodonga lomthombo:

1.Yabhidlika ngesikhathi sokubhola

2.Umthombo wabhidlika ngesikhathi sokumba

3.Umthombo wabhidlika ngesikhathi ubhoboza

4.Reaming kuhlukile

Ukuvimbela ukudilika kwezindonga:

1. Sebenzisa uketshezi lokumba olunqanda ukuwohloka noma uhlelo lokumba oluhambisana nokwakheka, thuthukisa ngokufanelekile ukuminyana kanye ne-viscosity yoketshezi lokumba, lawula ngokuqinile ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, futhi uthuthukise amandla okuthwala amadwala.

2. Ukugaya ezindaweni ezigoqekayo, ngaphambi kokungena ekubunjweni kwe-Shahejie, uketshezi lokumba kufanele lwengezwe ngezinto ezanele zokulwa nokuwa ngokwezidingo zokuklama, futhi okuqukethwe kufanele kufinyelele cishe ku-3%.

3. Ukusebenza koketshezi lokumba kufanele kuzinze futhi angeke kwelapheke kakhulu.

4. Ngesikhathi sokumba, ingcindezi yokupompa iyanda, isisindo esimisiwe siyancipha, ithuluzi lokugaya linamathele, futhi ukubuya kwe-wellhead kuyancishiswa noma itafula elilodwa le-rotary liyalayishwa. Lapho ipayipi lokubhoboza lihlehliswa ngokungathí sina, ipayipi lokubhoboza kufanele limiswe noma lixhunywe, ithuluzi lokubhoboza kufanele liphakanyiswe esigabeni esivamile somthombo, futhi indlela yokugeleza iyamukelwa.

5. Ukubhoboza ungqimba oluvuzayo, uketshezi oluningi lokumba ngokuphuma okuncane, ukunqanda ukubhoboza umjikelezo wokubhola, ukuvuza okungaphezu kuka-5 m³/h, noma ngaphakathi nangaphandle kuphela, kufanele kuhlelwe ngokushesha ukubhola, umjovo oqhubekayo we-annular woketshezi lokumba, akufanele uvule. iphampu phakathi. Uma uketshezi lokubhoboza lunganele, lungagcwaliswa ngamanzi ukuze uzame ukukhipha ithuluzi lokubhoboza.

6. Gwema ukujikeleza kwephoyinti eligxilile, ngokuvamile shintsha indawo encane, futhi uzame ukugwema ingxenye yomthombo okulula ukuvuza nokubhidlika.

7. Ukumba kufanele kugcwaliswe ngokuqhubekayo ngoketshezi lokumba ukuze kugcinwe umfutho wekholomu ewuketshezi. Lapho i-drilling ibambekile, akunzima ukuyikhipha. Ngemuva kokuthi ithuluzi lokubhoboza lehliselwe esigabeni somthombo obushelelezi futhi ipompo ivulwa ngokujwayelekile ngokufuduka okuncane, ukujikeleza kukhula kancane kancane.

8. Qala ukubhoboza ngesivinini esiphansi ngaphandle kokukhipha ipiston.

9. Lawula isivinini sokubhoboza, akukho ukucindezela okunzima uma kwenzeka ukumelana, phakamisa ithuluzi lokubhoboza engxenyeni yomthombo obushelelezi, futhi usebenzise i-punch eyodwa. Indlela yemigqa emibili kuya kwemithathu.

Ukwelashwa kokuwa kwe-shaft wall:

Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-drill, kungase kube nezimo ezimbili, enye ukuthi ukujikeleza kungaba kuncane, kanti enye ukuthi ukujikeleza akukwazi ukusungulwa nhlobo.

1. Uma ukwazi ukujikeleza ngokususwa okuncane, akumele ulahlekelwe yileli themba, kodwa kufanele ulawule ibhalansi eyisisekelo yokugeleza kokungenisa nokugeleza kokuthekelisa. Ngemuva kokuthi ukujikeleza kuqinisiwe, kancane kancane ukwandisa i-viscosity kanye nokugundwa koketshezi lokubhoboza ukwandisa umthamo waso wokuthwala isihlabathi, bese ukhuphula kancane kancane izinga lokugeleza ukuzama ukuletha idwala eliwile phezulu. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sinyathelo senziwe, noma ngabe ukubhoboza okunamathelayo okunamathelayo kwenzeka, kuyabhekwana nakho.

2. Uma imbobo ebhayiwe yakhiwe ngokuwa kwe-limestone ne-dolomite, futhi ingxenye yomthombo egoqiwe ingeyinde kakhulu, ungacabangela ukumpompa i-hydrochloric acid evimbelayo ukuze ukhulule okubhajiwe.

3. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukugaya reverse. Ekubunjweni okuthambile, kuhle ukusebenzisa umkhono omude we-barrel milling, noma usebenzise umkhono omude we-barrel sleeve nge-cone yesilisa noma umkhonto wokudoba, ukuze ukugaya nokubuyisela emuva kuqedwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ukusheshisa inqubekelaphambili. Ekubunjweni okunzima, kuhle ukunciphisa ubude be-casing tube futhi unciphise amaphutha enqubo yokugaya. Uma ugaywa ku-centralizer, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ugaye imbiza ukuze ukhulule okubambekile, ngoba amaqiniso amaningi afakazele ukuthi kukhona ukuqoqwa kwesihlabathi esincane ngaphansi kwe-centralizer, futhi akudingekile ukugaya i-stabilizer.