Ukudoba Imfucumfucu Yase-Downhole kanye Nokwelashwa Kwengozi Yokubhoboza Okunamathelayo

1.Downhole doti Ukudoba

1.1Uhlobo lokuwa kwe-downhole

Ngokusho kwegama kanye nemvelo yezinto eziwayo, izinhlobo zezinto eziwa emayini ikakhulukazi: izinto eziwa ngamapayipi, izinto eziwa yinduku, izinto eziwa yizintambo kanye nezingcezu ezincane eziwayo.

1.2.Pizinto eziwayo

Ngaphambi kokudoba, idatha eyisisekelo yemithombo kawoyela namanzi kufanele iphathwe kahle kuqala, okungukuthi, ulwazi lokumba kanye nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela kufanele luqondwe ngokucacile, ukwakheka komthombo, isimo se-casing, nokuthi kukhona yini into ewa ekuqaleni. Okwesibili, thola imbangela yezinto eziwayo, noma ngabe kukhona ukuguquguquka kwesihlabathi nesihlabathi esingcwatshwe ngemuva kokuwela emthonjeni. Bala umthamo omkhulu ongafinyelelwa lapho udoba, qinisa i-derrick kanye nomgodi wendophi indoda. Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngemva kokubamba izinto eziwile, uma ikhadi elingaphansi komhlaba kufanele libe nezinyathelo zokuvimbela nokubuyisana.

Amathuluzi okudoba avamile : Amakholomu e-Die, ompompi be-Taper, i-Spear, i-Slip Overshot nokunye.

Inqubo Yokudoba:

⑴Ukuvakashela phansi kwe-Impression Blocks UKUZE UQAPHELE indawo nokuma kwezinto eziwayo.

⑵Ngokwesimo sezinto eziwayo kanye nosayizi wesikhala se-Annular phakathi kwezinto eziwayo ne-casing, khetha amathuluzi afanele okudoba noma idizayini bese wenza amathuluzi okudoba uwedwa.

⑶Lungiselela idizayini yokwakha nezinyathelo zokuphepha, futhi ngemva kokugunyazwa iminyango efanele ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokubika, ukuphathwa kokudoba kuzokwenziwa ngokuya ngedizayini yokwakha, futhi imidwebo edwetshiwe izodwetshwa amathuluzi omgodi.

⑷ Ukusebenza kokudoba kufanele kube bushelelezi.

⑸Hlaziya izinto Ezidotshiwe bese ubhala isifinyezo.

1.3.Rizinto eziwayo ezingajwayelekile

Iningi lalezi zimpophoma ziyizinhlobo zezinduku, futhi kukhona nezinduku zesisindo namamitha. Ezinye zawela emgodini, ezinye zawela ku-tubing.

⑴Ukudoba ngamashubhu

Kulula ukudoba induku ephukile kushubhu, njengokuthi induku ingadonselwa phansi lapho induku ikhishwa ebhandeni noma isigubhu sokudonsa esishelelayo sokudoba, uma singadotshwa, ungakwazi futhi ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhipha amashubhu. .

⑵Ukudoba ku-casing

Ukudoba i-casing kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba ububanzi be-casing bukhulu, induku incane, insimbi incane, kulula ukugoba, kulula ukuyikhipha, futhi ukuma kokuwa kahle kuyinkimbinkimbi. Uma udoba, ingadotshwa nge-hook ephakamisa isiliphu sesicathulo esishelelayo noma idivayisi ye-loose-blade Fishing. Lapho into ewayo igobile ku-casing, ingabuyiswa nge-hook yokudoba. Lapho imfucumfucu ihlanganiswe emgodini futhi ingabuyi, igaywa ngesigayo semikhono noma ngesigayo sezicathulo, futhi imfucumfucu itholwa ngesibambi sikazibuthe.

1.4.Ukudoba izingcezu ezincane

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingcezu ezincane eziwayo, njengamabhola ensimbi, amapulangwe, izigaxa, izikulufu nokunye. Imfucumfucu enjalo mincane kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyibuyisela. Amathuluzi ayinhloko okudoba izingcezu ezincane yidivayisi yokudoba uzibuthe, ukubamba, ubhasikidi wokudoba ojikelezayo nokunye.

2.Ukwelashwa Kwengozi Yokubhoboza Okunamathelayo

Kunezizathu eziningi zokubhoboza okunamathelayo, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo eziningi zokubhoboza okunamathelayo. Isihlabathi esivamile Sibhajwe, i-wax ibhajwe, into ewayo ibambekile, ukwakheka kwekesi kumile, ukuqiniswa kukasimende kubhajwe nokunye.

2.1.Sand Wanamathela Ukwelashwa

Uma isikhathi sokunamathela sethuluzi singeside noma ijemu yesihlabathi ingembi kakhulu, intambo yepayipi ingaphakanyiswa phezulu naphansi ukuze kuxegiswe isihlabathi futhi kukhulule ingozi yejamu yokumba.

Ukuze ekwelapheni esingathi sína isihlabathi wanamathela Wells, okokuqala, umthwalo anda kancane lapho umthwalo ufinyelela inani elithile, futhi umthwalo wehliswa ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha ukulayishwa. Okwesibili, ngemva kwesikhathi semisebenzi ekhuphukayo naphansi, intambo yepayipi iqinisiwe ukuze imise, ukuze intambo yepayipi imiswe isikhathi esithile ngaphansi kwesimo sokwelula, ukuze ukucindezeleka kusakaze kancane kancane emgqeni wepayipi ophansi. Womabili amafomu angase asebenze, kodwa umsebenzi ngamunye kufanele umiswe i-5 kuya ku-10min isikhathi esithile ukuvimbela intambo ekukhathaleni nokuphuka.

Ukunamathela kwesihlabathi kungalashwa nangezindlela zokukhishwa kwe-compress reverse circulation, ukukhishwa kombhobho we-washpipe, ukukhishwa okuqinile kokuphakamisa, ukukhululwa kwe-jack, ukukhululwa kwe-casing milling, njalonjalo.

2.2.Ukwelashwa kokunamathela kwento ewayo

Ukunamathela kwento ewayo kusho ukuthi amazinyo epliers, amazinyo ashelelayo, amanye amathuluzi amancane awela emthonjeni futhi abhajwe, okuholela ekubhobozeni okubhajwe.

Ukubhekana nezinto eziwayo ukubhoboza okunamathiselwe, ungaphakamisi ngamandla, ukuze uvimbele ukunamathela, okubangela izinkinga. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha ezijwayelekile: Uma intambo enamathele ingaphendulwa, ingaphakanyiswa kahle futhi iguqulwe kancane. Impahla ewayo iyachotshozwa ukuze intambo yepayipi elingaphansi komhlaba ingabambeki; Uma indlela engenhla ingasebenzi, ihuku lodonga lingasetshenziswa ukulungisa indawo engaphezulu yenhlanzi, bese Uphinda Udobe ukwehla.

2.3.Susa i-casing ebhajwe

Ngenxa yokwanda kwezinyathelo zokukhiqiza noma ezinye izizathu, i-casing ikhubazekile noma ilimele, futhi ithuluzi le-downhole lehliswa ngephutha endaweni eyonakele, okuholela ekubhobolweni okubambekile. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ikholomu yepayipi ngaphezu kwendawo enamathele kufanele isuswe futhi okunamathiselwe kungakhululwa kuphela ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-casing.