Izici zokwakheka kukapharafini emithonjeni yamafutha kanye nezindlela zokususa upharafini

Isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuthi kungani i-oyela Wells wax ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa ukuthi uwoyela ongahluziwe okhiqizwa uwoyela Wells uqukethe ingcina.

1.Izinto zokwakheka kukapharafini emithonjeni yamafutha

(1) Ukwakheka kanye nezinga lokushisa likawoyela ongahluziwe

Ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa esifanayo, ukuncibilika kwamafutha alula ku-wax kukhulu kunowoyela osindayo, izingxenye ezilula kakhulu eziqukethwe kuwoyela ongahluziwe, izinga lokushisa le-crystallization le-wax liyancipha, okungukuthi, i-wax akulula ukuyikhipha, futhi i-wax eyengeziwe ukugcina isimo esincibilikile.

(2) Ingcindezi negesi encibilikile

Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ingcindezi iphakeme kunokucindezela kwe-saturation, amafutha angcolile ngeke aphule lapho ingcindezi iyancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuqala le-crystallization ye-wax lizokwehla ngokuncipha kwengcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi encibilikisiwe iphinde yande futhi ibambe ukushisa lapho ihlukaniswa kuwoyela, okunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokugeleza kukawoyela futhi kulungele ukuna kwamakristalu e-wax.

(3) I-Colloid ne-asphaltene emafutheni angahluziwe

Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lekristalu lingancishiswa ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwezinsini ku-petroleum. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-wax efakwe odongeni lweshubhu iqukethe i-gum ne-asphaltene, izokwakha i-wax eqinile, okungelula ukukhukhulwa ukugeleza kwamafutha.

(4) Ukungcola kwemishini namanzi kuwoyela ongahluziwe

Ukungcola kwemishini emafutheni kuzoba umgogodla we-crystalline wezulu likapharafini, okwenza amakristalu e-wax aqoqeke kalula futhi akhule, futhi kusheshiswe inqubo yokuvala i-wax. Ukwengeza, ukwakheka kwengcina kuzoba kubi kakhulu lapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuphansi, ngoba usawoti emanzini uyagxumela futhi abeke odongeni lwamapayipi, okuvumela ukunqwabelana kwamakristalu we-wax.

(5) Isivinini sokugeleza, ubulukhuni bendawo yepayipi

Ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwezinga lokugeleza kwamanzi, ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okuphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokugeleza kukawoyela, i-wax akulula ukuyikhipha. Ngisho noma i-wax inemvula, akulula ukuyifaka odongeni lwamashubhu. Uma udonga lwe-tube lukhuni, i-crystal ye-wax kulula ukunamathela kulokhu okungenhla ukwenza ukwakheka kwe-wax, kanti olunye uhlangothi akulula ukubunjwa kwe-wax.

2.Indlela yokukhipha upharafini kahle kawoyela

(1) Ishidi lokukhuhla ingcina ukuze kukhishwe ingcina

(2) Ukukhuhla i-wax ye-Casing

(3) Ukususwa kukapharafini nge-electrothermal

(4) Ukususwa kwe-wax ye-Thermochemical

(5) Ukukhipha upharafini womjikelezo kawoyela oshisayo

(6) Ukususwa kukapharafini ngesitimu