Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvimbela ukuvuthuza?

Ekwakhiweni kokumba uwoyela negesi, ukuze kubhobozwe ngokuphepha ezingqimbeni zikawoyela negesi ezinomfutho ophezulu futhi kugwenywe izingozi zokubhoboza ngaphandle kokulawula, isethi yezinto zokusebenza - umshini wokulawula umthombo wokubhoboza - udinga ukufakwa esihlokweni somthombo. umthombo wokubhoboza. Uma ingcindezi kumthombo ingaphansi kwengcindezi yokwakheka, uwoyela, igesi, namanzi ekwakhekeni okungaphansi komhlaba kungena emgodini bese kwakheka ukuchichima noma ukukhahlela. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuqhunyiswa kokumba kanye nezingozi zomlilo kungenzeka. Umsebenzi wedivaysi yokulawula umthombo wokumba ukuvala ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha i-sourcehead uma ukuchichima noma ukukhahlela kwenzeka emthonjeni ukuvimbela izingozi zokuqhunyiswa.

Imishini yokulawula imithombo yokubhoboza ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: isivimbeli sokubhoboza, i-spool, ikhonsoli yesilawuli kude, ikhonsoli yokumba, ukuklinya nokubulala okuningi, njll. ikhanda elihle. Ingalawulwa kukhonsoli ye-driller ye-drilling rig noma kukhonsoli eyirimothi ekude nesihloko somthombo. Umshini kufanele ube nokumelana nokucindezela okuthile futhi ukwazi ukubona ukuqhuma okulawulwayo, ukubulawa komthombo kanye nokukhubeka kwamathuluzi okumba. Ngemva kokufaka isivimbeli esijikelezayo sokubhoboza, imisebenzi yokumba ingenziwa ngaphandle kokubulala umthombo.

Ama-BOP okugaya ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa abe yinqama eyodwa, inqama ephindwe kabili, (i-annular) kanye nama-BOP ajikelezayo. Ngokwezidingo zokubunjwa okumbayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubhoboza, izinqamuleli eziningana zokuqhunyiswa zingasetshenziswa futhi zihlangene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kunamasayizi angu-15 ama-BOP okumba akhona. Ukukhethwa kosayizi kuncike kusayizi wekesi ekwakhiweni kokubhoboza, okungukuthi, ubukhulu bobubanzi obujwayelekile be-BOP yokubhoboza bukhulu kancane kunobubanzi obungaphandle bebhokisi lebhokisi eliphinda liqaliswe. Ingcindezi yesivimbeli sokuvuthela isukela ku-3.5 kuya ku-175 MPa, enengqikithi yamazinga okucindezela ayi-9. Umgomo wokukhetha unqunywa ukucindezela okuphezulu kwe-wellhead okubekezelelwa lapho kuvaleka emthonjeni.