Ikhanda Lekheyisi: Igazi Lokuphila Elixhumanisa Ubuso Nobungaphansi

Isisekelo sehabhu lokuguqula umthwalo kanye nokucindezela kuyo yonke indawoimishini yomthombo wemithombo—ikhanda lesikhumba. Namuhla, sigxila kule ngxenye ebalulekile ukuze sithole ukuthi leli “gazi lokuphila elixhumanisa ubuso nobuso” liqinisekisa kanjani ukuphepha okuphelele kusukela ebusweni kuya ekwakhekeni.

I. Incazelo kanye Nomsebenzi: Isisekelo Senhloko Yomthombo

Ngobuchwepheshe, ikhanda le-casing liyisici esibalulekile sesakhiwo esixhumanisa intambo ye-casing engaphansi komhlaba nemishini ye-wellhead. Ingxenye yalo engezansi ixhunywe unomphela ku-casing engaphezulu ngezintambo, ama-slips aguquliwe, noma ukushisela; ingxenye yalo engenhla ixhunywe ku-drilling christmas tree noma i-single (single ram BOP stack) ngama-flange noma ama-clamp.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukumisa nokusekela isisindo sazo zonke izimbobo zobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo kanye nezimbobo zokukhiqiza, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokufaka yonke imishini yezimbobo zomthombo. Njengengxenye yokuvimbela amanzi phakathi nomjikelezo wokusebenza, ukubhoboza, kanye nokukhiqiza, ikhanda lezimbobo liyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwe-annular phakathi kwengqimba ngayinye yezimbobo kanye nokufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi kanye nokuphathwa.

Isibonelo Semodeli: TF 20*13 3/8-35MPa

Ukuhumusha: Ikhanda lesikhwama sohlobo lwe-flange elinesigaba esisodwa elixhumanisa ububanzi bangaphandle besikhwama esingu-508mm (20-intshi), elilenga ububanzi bangaphandle besikhwama esingu-339.7mm (13 3/8-intshi), elinomfutho osebenzayo olinganiselwe ongu-35MPa.

II. Izinhlobo Nezingxenye Eziyinhloko: Isakhiwo Segazi Lokuphila

Amakhanda ekheyisi asetshenziswa endaweni ahlukaniswa kakhulu abe yisigaba esisodwa, isigaba esiphindwe kabili, kanye nesigaba esiningi ngokusekelwe enanini lezingqimba ezilengayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhloko zekheyisi ezilula, ezivame ukusetshenziswa emithonjeni yokubuyisa ukushisa kwamafutha anzima e-Xinjiang Oilfield, ezinama-flange ekugcineni okuphezulu kanye nezintambo zekheyisi ekugcineni okuphansi, ikakhulukazi ezisebenzisa ama-hangers ekheyisi ohlobo lwe-mandrel.

Amakhanda e-casing ajwayelekile ngokuvamile afaka umzimba, i-casing hanger, i-gate valve, i-pressure gauge, kanye nezikulufo ezibekiwe. Phakathi kwalokhu, i-casing hanger (eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-casing slip”) iyisici esiyinhloko esenza umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ube lula, esetshenziselwa ukumisa ama-casing obuchwepheshe noma ama-casing okukhiqiza.

Ukuvalwa kwe-core kuhlukaniswe amazinga amabili:

1. Isiciko Esiyinhloko: Amandla okuvala isikhala esiphakathi kwesikhala esilengisiwe kanye nesikhala esiphezulu, okusebenza njengesivikelo esiyinhloko ngokumelene nokucindezela kwesikhala.
2. Isivalo Sesibili: Ukuvalwa okuqinile okufinyelelwa yi-BT, P, noma izivalo zensimbi phakathi kwengxenye engenhla (intamo) yesivalo noma phakathi kwesivalo esilengisiwe kanye nomzimba wekhanda lesivalo (noma isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esihlanganisiwe esihlanganisiwe sokubhoboza, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esikhethekile) esixhunywe ku-flange engenhla. Lesi sivalo sihlukanisa ingcindezi engaphezulu kwesivalo esikhaleni esingezansi, sisebenza njengesivikelo esengeziwe esibalulekile nesivivinywayo.

III. Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Ebalulekile: Izindlela Ezimbili Eziyinhloko Zokumiswa Nokuvala

1. I-Hanger Yohlobo Lwe-Mandrel (Enentambo)

Eyaziwa kakhulu endaweni ngokuthi “ikhanda likakaroti”. Isiciko sayo esiyinhloko sincike ekubalweni okunembile kwesisindo sokwehlisa intambo yesikhala, ehlezi phezu kwesiciko esihlanganisiwe sensimbi nensimbi, esinendandatho yesivalo esinonxande njengesisekeli. Lapho ikhanda lesivalo lifakwe ngaphezu kwalo, indandatho yesivalo se-BT ekamelweni elingezansi lekhanda lesivalo elisebenzisana nentamo yesivalo ingakha isisiciko sesibili esisebenzayo.

Izici Nezidingo

Izinzuzo: Ukuxhumeka okunezintambo, asikho isidingo sokusika i-casing.

Izidingo Eziyinhloko: Ukunemba okuphezulu kokusebenza—ukujula kokusetha kwekhesi kumele kulinganiswe kahle, futhi isisindo esanele sokuhlala kumele siqinisekiswe; ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvala okuphumelelayo ngeke kutholakale.

2. Isiphanyeko Sohlobo Lokushelela

Ngokusekelwe esimweni sokushelela, zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-W, uhlobo lwe-WE, kanye nohlobo lwe-WD, zonke zixhuma ngamashelela amaningi ahambisana nebhokisi.

Uhlobo lwe-WD (Reverse Slips): Kuphela kumakhanda ekhava esigaba sokuqala (esingaphezulu). Ukufakwa akudingi ukubalwa kobude bepayipi lomqhubi; kudinga kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu be-oval kanye nobukhulu bodonga lwesikhundla sokufakwa kwekhava (ukugwema ukuhlangana) kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso, kusikwe futhi kupholishwe ikhava ukuze ibe yisicaba (izinga elivundlile ≤ 0.5°, uhlangothi lwangaphandle lupholishwe nge-chamfer engu-10°), bese uyibopha ngqo. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba wekhava iklanywe ngezimbobo ezimbili ze-BT ukuze kufezwe ukuvalwa ngodonga lwangaphandle lwekhava.

Uhlobo lwe-W kanye nohlobo lwe-WE: Zombili zisebenzisa i-slip taper kanye nesisindo ukuze kusebenze izivalo zerabha. Uhlobo lwe-W luthembele esisindweni sokumiswa kwentambo yesivalo ukuze kusebenze isivalo esingezansi sokuvalwa okuyinhloko, ngomthamo wokumiswa ophezulu kanye nokuvalwa okuthembekile. Uhlobo lwe-WE lusebenzisa ukuqinisa ngesandla kwezikulufo ezingaphezulu ukuze kusebenze indandatho yokuvala, efaneleka ngezikhathi ezinezidingo zokucindezela okuphansi kokuvala.

IV. Ukhiye Wokulungisa Esakhiweni: Ukusetshenziswa Nokuphathwa Kwemikhono Yokugqoka

Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, ukuze kuvinjelwe amathuluzi okubhoboza ukuthi angagqoki indawo yokuvala ngaphakathi kwekhanda lekhava futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokugcina yokuvala, kumele kufakwe isikhafu sokuguguleka (uhlobo olunwetshiwe olusetshenziswa eTarim Oilfield nakwezinye izindawo) ngesikhathi sokubhoboza. Isikhafu sokuguguleka silethwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile futhi silungiswe futhi sinqunyelwe yizikulufo ezibekiwe.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokuhlola

Ngemva kokuphuma ngakunye emgodini, hlola ukuguga okungajwayelekile kwesikhafu sokuguguleka bese uqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zesikulufu ezibekiwe zingaphakathi kwesikhala somkhawulo. Uma kutholakala ukuguga okungajwayelekile, ikhanda lomthombo kumele lilinganiswe kabusha ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuguga okungajwayelekile kwesikhathi eside kungase kuguguleke ngesikhafu sokuguguleka noma ngisho nasemzimbeni wekhava, okubangela izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha komthombo.

Ngamafuphi, sibukeze ngokuhlelekile sonke isithombe sekhanda lesikhwama—“igazi lokuphila” lekhanda lesikhwama. Ngesistimu yalo yokumiswa enembile kanye nezithiyo zokuvala ezinamazinga amaningi, isekela isisindo sezindawo zokulawula nokukhiqiza zonke izithombo, ihlukanisa ingcindezi ye-annular ibe amazinga ahleliwe. Njengesisekelo esiqinile sazo zonke izilawuli eziguquguqukayo, ikhanda lesikhwama liyiphrojekthi eyisisekelo yokuthwala ukuphepha kwekhanda lesikhwama, ukuhlukanisa ingcindezi yokwakheka, kanye nokufeza ubuqotho besikhwama kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila. Ukuqinisa lesi sisekelo kuqinisa isiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo kakhulu somjikelezo wokuphila wokuphepha womthombo wonke.

Xhumana: uJessie Zhou
Ucingo/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Email: energy@landrilltools.com