Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokukhethwa kwesivikelo sokuqhuma

Imishini ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqonda ukusebenza kwemishini yokulawula umthombo, ukufaka nokunakekela kahle, nokwenza imishini yokulawula umthombo idlale umsebenzi wayo ofanele yi-blowout preventer. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-blowout preventer ezivamile: i-ring blowout preventer kanye ne-ram blowout preventer.

1. Isivikelo sendandatho

(1) Uma kukhona intambo yepayipi emthonjeni, i-core yerabha ingasetshenziswa ukuvala isikhala esizungezile esakhiwe yintambo yepayipi kanye nenhloko yomthombo;

(2) Ikhanda lomthombo lingavalwa ngokuphelele uma umthombo ungenalutho;

(3) Enqubweni yokubhoboza nokugaya, ukugaya ikheyiji, ukugawula imithi kanye nokudoba phansi, uma kwenzeka ukugcwala noma ukuqhuma, ingavala isikhala esakhiwe yipayipi lika-kelly, ikhebula, intambo yocingo, amathuluzi okuphatha ingozi kanye nekhanda lomthombo;

(4) Ngomlawuli wokunciphisa ingcindezi noma isitoreji esincane samandla, ingaphoqa ipayipi elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwebhande elincane ku-18°;

(5) Uma kwenzeka ukugcwala okukhulu noma ukuqhuma okukhulu, isetshenziselwa ukuvala okuthambile nge-ram BOP kanye ne-throttle manifold.

2. Isivikelo sokuqhuma kweRam

(1) Uma kukhona amathuluzi okubhoboza emthonjeni, i-ram evalwe ingxenye elingana nosayizi wethuluzi lokubhoboza ingasetshenziswa ukuvala isikhala sendandatho yekhanda lomthombo;

(2) Uma kungekho thuluzi lokubhoboza emthonjeni, inqama yokuvala egcwele ingavala ngokuphelele ikhanda lomthombo;

(3) Uma kudingeka ukusika ithuluzi lokubhoboza emthonjeni bese uvala ngokuphelele ikhanda lomthombo, i-shear ram ingasetshenziswa ukusika ithuluzi lokubhoboza emthonjeni bese uvala ngokuphelele ikhanda lomthombo;

(4) Inqama yezinye izithiyo zokuvimbela ukuqhuma kwenqama ivumela ukuthwala umthwalo futhi ingasetshenziswa ukumisa amathuluzi okubhoboza;

(5) Kukhona imbobo eseceleni egobolondweni le-ram BOP, engasebenzisa ukukhululeka kwengcindezi yembobo eseceleni;

(6) I-Ram BOP ingasetshenziswa ekuvaleni umthombo isikhathi eside;

3. Ukukhethwa kwezinhlanganisela ze-BOP

Izici eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe ekukhetheni inhlanganisela yokuvimbela ukuqhuma kwe-hydraulic yilezi: uhlobo lomthombo, ingcindezi yokwakheka, usayizi wekhava, uhlobo loketshezi lokwakheka, umthelela wesimo sezulu, izidingo zokuvikela imvelo, njll.

(1) Ukukhetha izinga lokucindezela

Ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa yingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu yekhanda lemithombo okulindeleke ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-BOP imelane nayo. Kunezimo ezinhlanu zokucindezela ze-BOP: 14MPa, 21MPa, 35MPa, 70MPa, 105MPa, 140MPa.

(2) Ukukhetha indlela

Ububanzi benhlanganisela ye-BOP buxhomeke kusayizi wekhava ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo somthombo, okungukuthi, kumele libe likhulu kancane kunobubanzi bangaphandle bekhava elinamathiselwe kulo. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zobubanzi bokuvimbela ukuqhuma: 180mm, 230mm, 280mm, 346mm, 426mm, 476mm, 528mm, 540mm, 680mm. Phakathi kwazo, 230mm, 280mm, 346mm kanye no-540mm zivame ukusetshenziswa ensimini.

(3) Ukukhetha ifomu elihlanganisiwe

Ukukhethwa kwefomu lokuhlanganisa kusekelwe kakhulu ekucindezelweni kokwakheka, izidingo zenqubo yokubhoboza, isakhiwo samathuluzi okubhoboza kanye nezimo ezisekela imishini.