Ukwahlukanisa uwoyela negesi kahle ukwandisa amasu ukukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa uwoyela negesi komkhiqizo kuyisinyathelo sobuchwepheshe sokuthuthukisa umthamo wokukhiqiza wemithombo kawoyela (okuhlanganisa nemithombo yegesi) kanye namandla okumunca amanzi emithombo yokujova amanzi. Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwe-hydraulic fracturing kanye ne-acidification, ngaphezu kokuqhuma kwe-downhole, ukwelashwa kwe-solvent, njll.

1) Inqubo ye-Hydraulic fracturing

I-Hydraulic fracturing ihilela ukujova uketshezi lwe-high-viscosity fracturing emthonjeni ngevolumu enkulu edlula umthamo wokumunca wokwakheka, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukucindezela kwembobo engezansi kanye nokuqhekeka ukwakheka. Ngomjovo oqhubekayo we-fracturing fluid, ama-fractures adlulela ekubunjweni. Inani elithile le-proppant (ikakhulukazi isihlabathi) kufanele lifakwe ku-fracturing fluid ukuvimbela ukuphuka ukuthi kuvalwe ngemva kokumiswa kwepompo. Ama-fractures agcwele i-proppant ashintsha imodi ye-seepage yamafutha negesi ekubunjweni, ukwandisa indawo ye-seepage, ukunciphisa ukumelana nokugeleza, futhi kabili ukukhiqizwa komthombo wamafutha. I-"Shale gas", edume kakhulu embonini kawoyela yomhlaba wonke muva nje, izuza ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-hydraulic fracturing!

2) Ukwelashwa kwe-acidification kahle kawoyela

Ukwelashwa kwe-acidification kawoyela kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ukwelashwa nge-hydrochloric acid yokwakheka kwamadwala e-carbonate kanye nokwelashwa kwe-asidi yenhlabathi yokwakheka kwe-sandstone. Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-acidification.

►Ukwelashwa kwe-Hydrochloric acid ye-carbonate rock formations: Amadwala e-carbonate afana ne-limestone ne-dolomite asabela nge-hydrochloric acid ukuze akhiqize i-calcium chloride noma i-magnesium chloride encibilika kalula emanzini, okwandisa ukuvuthwa kokubunjwa futhi ithuthukise ngempumelelo umthamo wokukhiqiza wemithombo kawoyela. . Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa zokubunjwa, i-hydrochloric acid isabela ngokushesha kakhulu ngamadwala, futhi iningi layo lidliwe eduze nendawo ephansi yomthombo futhi ayikwazi ukungena ngokujulile kungqimba lwamafutha, okuthinta umphumela we-acidification.

►Ukwelashwa kwe-acid yenhlabathi yokwakheka kwe-sandstone: Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamaminerali e-sandstone ziyi-quartz ne-feldspar. Osimende ngokuvamile bangama-silicates (njengobumba) nama-carbonates, womabili ancibilika ku-hydrofluoric acid. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokusabela phakathi kwe-hydrofluoric acid ne-carbonates, i-calcium fluoride precipitation izokwenzeka, engahambisani nokukhiqizwa kwemithombo kawoyela negesi. Ngokuvamile, i-sandstone iphathwa ngo-8-12% we-hydrochloric acid kanye no-2-4% we-hydrofluoric acid exutshwe ne-acid yenhlabathi ukuze kugwenywe imvula ye-calcium fluoride. I-concentration ye-hydrofluoric acid ku-acid yenhlabathi akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu ukugwema ukulimaza isakhiwo se-sandstone nokudala izingozi zokukhiqiza isihlabathi. Ukuze uvimbele ukusabela okubi phakathi kwe-calcium ne-magnesium ions ekwakhekeni kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid nezinye izizathu, ukwakheka kufanele kufakwe ngaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid ngaphambi kokujova i-asidi yomhlabathi. Ibanga lokwelapha kusengaphambili kufanele libe likhulu kunomkhakha wokwelashwa kwe-asidi yomhlabathi. Ubuchwepheshe be-acid yenhlabathi ye-authigenic buye bathuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva. I-Methyl formate ne-ammonium fluoride isetshenziselwa ukusabela ekubunjweni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrofluoric acid, esebenza ngaphakathi kongqimba lwamafutha okushisa okuphezulu emithonjeni ejulile ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-asidi yomhlabathi. Ngaleyo ndlela ngcono umthamo wokukhiqiza wemithombo kawoyela.