Amathuluzi Okubhoboza Aqondisayo Avamile

Izinkinga ezintathu okufanele zixazululwe ekulawulweni kwendlela yokuhamba kwendle:

① Yakha i-bottom hole assembly (BHA) ngendlela efanele ukuze ulawule izinga lokushintsha kwe-engeli yokuphambuka kwembobo.

② Dala noma khetha amathuluzi okudonsa phansi anezakhiwo ezikhethekile ukulawula izinga lokushintsha kwe-engeli ye-azimuth yembobo.

③ Khetha futhi ulawule isisindo sebhithi (WOB) ngendlela efanele ukuze ulawule izinga lokungena kwebhithi eliqondile kanye nobukhulu bamandla okwakheka, ngaleyo ndlela ufinyelele ekulawuleni ukugoba kwe-wellbore.

Amathuluzi okubhoboza ajwayelekile ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi ama-sub aqondisayo, ama-drill collars angewona ama-magnetic (i-NMDC), amapayipi okubhoboza anzima (i-HWDP), ama-stabilizer, ama-key-seat wipers, njll.

I. I-Sub Yokuqondisa

1. Izinhlobo

I-sub eqondile eqondisiwe: Isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza okuqondisiwe nge-bent-housing progressive cavity drills (PCD).

I-Directional bent sub: Isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza okuqondiswayo ngama-straight-housing progressive cavity drills (PCD).

2. Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo

1) I-Sub Eqondile Eqondisiwe

Izingxenye: Indlu 4, isikhonkwane esihlanganisayo 1, ukhiye oqondisayo 3, isikulufu sesethi 2

2) I-Directional Bent Sub

Izingxenye: Indlu 4, isikhonkwane esihlanganisayo 1, ukhiye oqondisayo 3, isikulufu sokusetha 2. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sub eqondile eqondisayo, ine-angle yokugoba yesakhiwo λ, futhi ifomula yokubala ithi:λ = 57.3 × (a – b) / d

II. Ikhola Yokubhoboza Engeyona Eye-Magnetic (NMDC)

1. Umsebenzi

Vikela izinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi ukuze ugweme amaphutha okulinganisa.

Yenza imisebenzi yamakhola okubhoboza ajwayelekile.

2. Izinto Zokubhoboza Ezingewona Ama-Magnetic

Ikakhulukazi zifaka i-Monel alloy (equkethe ithusi, i-nickel, i-chromium, njll.), i-chromium-nickel alloy, i-austenitic alloy esekelwe ku-chromium-manganese, i-beryllium-copper alloy, i-SMFI non-magnetic steel, kanye ne-home manganese-chromium-nickel steel.

3. Ukukhethwa kobude beKhola yokuDrill Engeyona iMagnetic

Bheka “Imephu Yokuqina Kwensimu Yama-Magnetic Earth Evundlile”. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kobude bekhola yokubhoboza engeyona i-magnetic kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa i-azimuth kama-magnetic engxenyeni evulekile yembobo. Uma amandla kama-magnetic endawo ephakeme, kulapho ikhola yokubhoboza engeyona i-magnetic edingekayo iba yinde khona.

4. Ukuhlolwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwama-Non-Magnetic Drill Collars

1) Ukuqondile kobuso obungaphandle obuyisilinda bekhola yokubhoboza engeyona i-magnetic kufanele kube ngu-≤ 2mm/m, kanti ukuqondile kobude bonke kufanele kube ngu-≤ 5mm/m.

2)Imihuzuko ebusweni bomzimba wepayipi yekhola yokubhoboza engeyona enemagnethi akumele idlule umkhawulo ovunyelwe wokuklwebheka.

3)Ubuso bentambo kumele bube bushelelezi, kungabi namabala angalingani avumelekile, imifantu, ukucasuka, noma eminye imonakalo.

4）I-torque yokwenza yezintambo zekhola yokubhoboza ezingezona ezikagesi kumele ibe yi-≥ i-torque encane eshiwoyo yokujikeleza.

5)Ukuvuleka okuhlobene kwamagnetic kanye nokufana kwamagnetic kwekhola yokubhoboza engeyona imagnetic kufanele kuhlolwe kanye ngonyaka, futhi imiphumela yokuhlola kufanele ihambisane nemininingwane ye-Non-Magnetic Drill Collar Standard (SY5145-86).

III. Ipayipi Lokubhoboza Elisindayo (HWDP)

Isetshenziswa phansi kwe-BHA ukufaka esikhundleni samakhola okubhoboza ukuze kusetshenziswe ingcindezi. Emisebenzini yokuqondisa ngamathuluzi okuqondisa, inciphisa indawo yokuxhumana nodonga olunezimbobo, inciphise ukumelana nokungqubuzana, yenza kube lula ukusebenza kokushelela, ithuthukise ukuphepha kwemigodi ephansi, futhi ilungele ukulawulwa kwemingcele yemithombo yokuqondisa. Iphinde isebenze njengesigaba sokushintsha phakathi kwamakhola okubhoboza namapayipi okubhoboza ukuze kuncishiswe izinguquko zokuqina.

IV. Isiqinisi

1.Ukusetshenziswa Kweziqinisi Ekubholeni Okuqondisiwe

Kuma-BHA aqongelelayo kanye nama-BHA awehlayo, iziqinisi zisebenza njengezakhi eziphelele. Ngokulungisa indawo yeziqinisi ku-BHA engezansi, isimo sokucindezeleka se-BHA engezansi singashintshwa ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa komzila ohamba kahle.

2.Khulisa ukuqina kwe-BHA engezansi ukuze uzinzise ukuphambuka kwembobo kanye ne-azimuth. Kuma-BHA e-hold-angle, ukuqina kwe-BHA engezansi kuthuthukiswa ngokunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwe-bit kanye ne-stabilizer, kanye naphakathi kweziqinisi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kokucindezela kwe-BHA engezansi futhi kufezwe umphumela wokubamba ukuphambuka.

3.Gqoka i-wellbore ukuze ushintsho lwe-wellbore lube lula futhi lubushelelezi, okusiza ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezinkinga ezibangelwa yi-downhole.

Qaphela! Uma ufaka isiqinisi emgodini bese usikhipha emgodini, kala ngokucophelela ububanzi bangaphandle besiqinisi, hlola isimo sokuguguleka kwaso kanye nendawo yokufakwa ku-BHA. Ububanzi bangaphandle besiqinisi akufanele budlule u-2mm.

Izinhlobo zeziqinisi:

Isiqinisi esilinganayo sembambo eziqondile Isiqinisi esiyisiyingi esine-lobe ezinhlanu (ezintathu)

Isiqinisi esijikelezayo esine-lobe ezinhlanu (ezintathu)r Isikhwama sokuzinza esingashintshwa

Isiqinisi esingavamile esinezingqimba ezintathuIsiqinisi esingashintshwa

V. I-Seat-Key-Seat Wiper

Isimo sejiyometri se-key-seat wiper sifana nese-spiral stabilizer. Ubukhulu bayo buncane kune-stabilizer kodwa bukhulu kune-drill collar. Ngokungafani ne-spiral stabilizer, amahlombe aphezulu naphansi e-key-seat wiper ahlanganiswe nge-welded ngama-electrode aqinile abe yisimo esiyindilinga, esinomsebenzi wokusika, ukuhlanganisa kabusha, nokusula izihlalo zezihluthulelo.

Indawo ye-key-seat wiper entanjeni yokubhoboza imi kanje:

1. I-BHA Ekhethekile Yokusula Izihlalo Eziyisihluthulelo

Ukucushwa kwe-BHA kokusula izihlalo ezijwayelekile: Ikhola yokubhoboza encane + encane (50)～60m) + i-wiper yesihlalo esikhiye + ijagi yokubhoboza + ipayipi lokubhoboza elisindayo (i-HWDP).

Ukuze kusulwe izihlalo ezinde eziyisihluthulelo, kungasetshenziswa i-BHA elandelayo: I-Bit + 1 stand yekhola encane yokubhoboza + i-wiper yesihlalo esiyisihluthulelo + 1 stand yekhola encane yokubhoboza + ijoyinti eliguquguqukayo + imbiza yokubhoboza + ipayipi lokubhoboza elisindayo (HWDP).

Ububanzi bangaphandle bekhola encane yokubhoboza entanjeni yokubhoboza kufanele bufane nobubanzi bangaphandle bejoyinti yepayipi yokubhoboza esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubhoboza. Uma usebenzisa intambo yokubhoboza cishe ngamamitha ayi-100 ngaphezu kwesihlalo esiyisihluthulelo, lawula isivinini sokusebenza; uma uhlangabezana nokumelana, qala ukuphinda ulawule futhi ulawule ngokuqinile i-WOB (ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwama-49kN).

2. Ukusula Isihlalo Esiyisihluthulelo Ngesikhathi Sokubhoboza

Ekubholeni okuqondiswe ngqo, kusukela esigabeni sokwakheka, ama-wiper esihlalo esikhiye avame ukusetshenziswa ku-BHA engaphansi. Ngokusho kokugoba kwe-wellbore ebholiwe kanye ne-formation lithology, i-key-seat wiper isetshenziselwa ukuphinda ibuyele emuva ezingxenyeni "zomlenze wenja" lapho izihlalo eziyinhloko zingakheka khona, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwezihlalo eziyinhloko.

VI. I-Float Valve

Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukuvimbela ukugeleza koketshezi lokubhoboza (okungalimaza amathuluzi okulinganisa imbobo ephansi) nokuvimbela ama-nozzle e-bit ukuthi angavimbeki.

VII. I-Hanger Sub

Ithuluzi Lokulinganisa Ngesikhathi Sokubhoboza (MWD) lihlezi kulo, okunikeza indawo yokulinganisa ephephile nezinzile ye-MWD.

Kukhona umugqa wesikali ohlangothini oluphezulu odongeni lwangaphandle lwe-hanger sub, osetshenziselwa ukulinganisa uhlangothi oluphezulu lwe-progressive cavity drill (PCD) nokulinganisa inani le-offset phakathi kwe-MWD ne-PCD. Udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-sub lunikezwa ukhiye ophumayo, osetshenziswa lapho i-MWD isethiwe. Uma i-MWD ingasetshenziswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukususa i-hanger sub kuqala ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi ukhiye ungagezwa ngenxa yesivinini sokugeleza ngokweqile (okungabangela izingozi zokungena emgodini).

VIII. Imbiza

Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukugcina ibhalansi yokusebenza kwe-bit kanye ne-drill string, nokusiza ukukhulula ipayipi elibambekile lapho ipayipi linamathela.

IX. I-Flexible Joint

Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela imbiza nokwandisa ukuqina kwentambo yokubhoboza ngesikhathi sokubhoboza.