Ubuchwepheshe Bokudoba Ngepayipi Lokugqwala

Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula iphrofayili yomthombo wokujova bubhekisela kubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwesendlalelo sokumuncwa kwamanzi amaningi ngendlela yemishini noma yamakhemikhali, ukwandisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwesendlalelo sokumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi ngokufanele, okwenza ukujova kwamanzi kuqhubeke ngokulinganayo futhi kuthuthukise i-sweep coefficient yesendlalelo samafutha.

Kunezindlela zemishini nezindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula iphrofayili ye-injection Wells. Indlela yokulawula iphrofayili yemishini ngokuyinhloko iwukulungisa inani lokujova kwamanzi kwesendlalelo ngasinye ngokujova kwamanzi ahlukaniswe ngezigaba, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulungisa iphrofayili yokumunca.

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza iMithombo kawoyela negesi, amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba ayagqwala futhi aguguleke yizinto ezigqwala njenge-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide kanye nokwakheka kwamanzi ensimini yegesi isikhathi eside, okuholela ekuncipheni kodonga lwamapayipi, ukubhoboka ngisho nokuqhekeka.

1. 1.UkugqwalaIzici Zomthombo Wepayipi

(1) I-coefficient yokucindezela kokwakheka iphansi, iningi layo liphakathi kuka-0.5 no-0.7, kanti amanye aphansi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusungula ukujikeleza kwegazi, okuletha ubunzima obukhulu ekugayeni, ekugayeni nasekubholeni.

(2) Izinga lokugqwala kwamapayipi libi kakhulu, ngokuvamile lifinyelela ku-30% kuya ku-60% (ingxenye yesisindo), kanti udonga lwamapayipi lugqwalile ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

(3) Amandla ekholomu yepayipi aphansi, ingcindezi kulula "ukuyinciphisa", futhi ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi ivame ukushintsha, ngakho-ke ukuphrinta kwe-lead akusizi;

(4) Kunzima ukwenza izibopho ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

2. Isimiso Sokudoba Ngepayipi Lokugqwala

Ngaphezu kwezimiso zokudoba ezivamile, ukudoba ngamapayipi okugqwala kufanele kulandele lezi zimiso ezilandelayo:

（1） Izimo zangaphansi komhlaba zicacile, amathuluzi okudoba akhethwa ngokunembile, futhi ubuqotho bengxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi kanye nenhlanzi engaphansi komhlaba kugcinwa ngangokunokwenzeka;

（2）Ukuphepha kokulawulwa komthombo wolwazi kumele kuqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokudoba.

（3） Imisebenzi yokudoba ayikwazi ukwenza isimo sangaphansi komhlaba sibe nzima, noma yiziphi izinyathelo kumele zibe nendlela yokuphuma, ayikwazi ukudoba ngokungenhloso;

（4）Ayikwazi ukuthinta amandla okukhiqiza okuqala;

（5）Ayikwazi ukusebenzisa umshini wokugaya kalula, kodwa ayikwazi ukusebenzisa umshini wokugaya izicathulo kalula, ukuze igweme ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu;

(6) Vimbela umonakalo ebhodweni.

3. Izindlela Zokudoba Ngepayipi Lokugqwala

(1) Ukugqwala kwamapayipi ngokuqinisekile kuletha ukugqwala kwebhokisi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthola nokwahlulela ikhwalithi yebhokisi elinomgodi ophansi, bese uzama ukugwema ukulimala kwamapayipi kanye nebhokisi.

(2) Ungasheshi, hlela futhi uhlele ngokuningiliziwe. Amapayipi agqwalile ngokusobala ahlukile ekudobeni okuvamile kwamapayipi kanye nokudoba ngamapayipi okubhoboza. Amapayipi awakwazi ukusindiswa ngendlela efanayo nokudoba ngamapayipi okubhoboza. Uma kusetshenziswa ukudoba okuphoqelelwe ngokweqile, amapayipi angabanjwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ngakho-ke, uma ukukhetha amathuluzi kungafaneleki, kungabangela ubunzima obukhulu ngaphansi komhlaba, okulethe ubunzima obungenakubalwa ekusindisweni kamuva. Ukukhetha amathuluzi okuqala kungcono ukungawacabangeli amathuluzi anezakhiwo zokubhoboza, zokugaya nezokugaya, ngoba ayacasula futhi kungenzeka abhubhise izinhlanzi kanye nebhokisi, okuletha ubunzima obukhulu.

(3) Imishini kumele ithembeke futhi inembe. Uhlelo lwamabhuleki lomshini osebenzayo lubucayi futhi luthembekile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwendandatho yokuphakamisa kanye ne-lifti kuboshwe ngokuqinile, futhi ikhwalithi yomgodi wentambo iyahlolwa. I-crane, i-turntable kanye ne-wellhead kufanele kuphathwe kahle. Ipayipi likaKelly kufanele liqondiswe, ngemva kokusetshenziswa alikwazi ukuthambekela onqenqemeni lwephansi lokubhoboza; Isibonakaliso sesisindo sibucayi, sithembekile futhi sinembile. Amathuluzi kufanele ahlolwe ngokucophelela futhi alebulwe (kungcono ngezithombe) ngaphandle kwezinkinga zekhwalithi. Kala ngokucophelela, ubale "isikwele ezintathu zibe" (inhlanzi ibe yi-square ibe yi-square ibe yi-, i-salvage side ibe yi-, i-maximum salvage side ibe yi-), bese umaka

(4) Thola izimo zangaphakathi neze-annular zepayipi. Isimiso sokubaluleka kokudoba kufanele siqale ngaphandle kwepayipi likawoyela, uhlole i-annulus yangaphandle yepayipi likawoyela, futhi ngokuvamile ungasebenzisi ukudoba kwangaphakathi (kwepayipi likawoyela elibolile). Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi kungenziwa ngcono ukuze kube yi-back-off slip fishing cylinder, i-movable window fishing cylinder, i-sliding block window fishing cylinder kanye namanye amathuluzi angalimazi inhlanzi, ukucindezela okulula kanye nokujika kancane lapho udoba, isisindo esincane akufanele sibe phezulu kakhulu.

(5) Ngaphezu kwezizathu zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziywa kokulawula kobuchwepheshe, futhi izinto eziwela phansi neziphumayo kufanele zihlaziywe ngokucophelela, zibekwe emgqeni, zihlanganiswe futhi zilungiswe, ukuze kuhlaziywe izimo ezingaba khona zemayini.

(6) Uma ingcindezi yokubhoboza ikhanda lenhlanzi idinga ukuba phansi (ngaphakathi kwe-1t), indawo yokubeka akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-10cm), bese kuthi ama-iron files akhishwe ngesikhathi bese kuhlaziywa ukuma kwekhanda lenhlanzi.

4. Amathuluzi Okudoba Nge-Corrosion Tubing

1、Amakhola Okufa

Ububanzi obukhulu bentambo yokudoba yamakhoni yabesifazane bungasethwa ku-1:8, okuyi-taper ephindwe kabili kunentambo yokudoba yamakhoni yabesifazane evamile, futhi ubude bentambo yokudoba buyandiswa ngokufanele, futhi ububanzi bokudoba bukhulu kakhulu kunobubanzi bokudoba bekhoni yabesifazane evamile. Isibonelo, ubude bentambo yokudoba yamakhoni yabesifazane engu-MZ60×125 yesikhala esingu-177.8mm bungu-520mm, i-taper ingu-1:8, ububanzi obukhulu bungu-125mm, kanti ububanzi bokudoba bungu-60~125mm; Ngemva kokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwamapayipi angu-73mm, ukuqhekeka kwamapayipi kuyacindezelwa futhi kukhubazeke, futhi ububanzi bawo obude be-axis buvame ukuba ngu-90~105mm, kanti ubukhulu ngokuvamile abudluli ku-115mm. Uma udoba, zungeza phansi, uhole isicathulo enhlanzini ewayo, inhlanzi ewayo ibe uhla olukhulu lwamakhoni yabesifazane, bese uqhubeka nokujikeleza phansi ukuze uqedele ingxenye ephezulu yokugqoka nokubamba izinhlanzi.

Uhla olukhulu lwe-Die Collars lusetshenziselwa ukudoba amapayipi agqwalile anokuguquguquka okukhulu kwengxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi kodwa ngamandla athile, futhi lungasindisa izingcezu eziphukile kanye nemfucumfucu yamapayipi ukuze kuhlanzwe ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi, futhi lungasindisa nepayipi eliphelele, elisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi livikele ngempumelelo ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi.

2. Ukudoba Nge-Block Spears

I-Block Spears yakhiwe ngomzimba webhareli, isilayidi kanye nesicathulo sokuqondisa. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwesilinda luyintambo yangaphakathi, engaxhunywa kusilinda eside. Uhlangothi olungaphakathi luyimbobo eyindilinga enengxenye "engaphezulu encane" futhi ama-chute amathathu avulwa ngokulinganayo engxenyeni ephakathi. I-slide block ifakwa ku-chute, ubuso bokugcina be-slide block bucutshungulwa ngamazinyo e-radial, kanti ubuso bokugcina obungaphakathi bunomugqa wamazinyo angaphakathi ajikelezayo. Ngesikhathi sokudoba, isicathulo siholwa singene enhlanzini bese isilinda sokudoba sehliswa, uhla lwenhlanzi lusunduzelwa phezulu ku-chute, uhla lwenhlanzi ludlula ku-slide block, isilinda sokudoba siyaphakanyiswa, bese i-slide block ihamba ngokuhambisana nohla lwe-chute ukuze ibambe inhlanzi futhi ifinyelele ekudobeni.

Ingxenye yokudoba yeBlock kungaba umzimba wepayipi likawoyela noma ipayipi likawoyela. Lapho udoba, i-coupling yokuqala ngaphansi kwenhla yenhlanzi ingadlula ku-slider ukuze idobe ngokuphakamisa i-coupling; Kungenza futhi i-slider igweme ingxenye engathi sína yokuguqulwa kokugqwala kwepayipi likawoyela futhi ibambe ingxenye ephelele.

Ama-Block Spears awagcini nje ngokubona ukudoba ngamapayipi, kodwa futhi ayakwazi ukubona i-reverse buckle lapho ipayipi libhajwe. I-torque ebuyela emuva idluliselwa ngamazinyo e-radial phezulu kwe-slider noma ngamazinyo angaphakathi e-slider, i-slider kanye ne-chute. I-sliding block dredge ifanelekela ukudoba ngamapayipi lapho ukuguqulwa kokugqwala kungekubi kakhulu, futhi izinga layo lempumelelo yokudoba liphezulu.

3. I-Overshot ene-Slot

I-overshot enesikhala yenziwe ngebhareli yokugaya imfucumfucu engu-8 kuya ku-10m noma i-casing, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1-1. Ingxenye engezansi yesigubhu sokudoba yenziwe yaba uhlobo lwepeni kanye nesicathulo somhlahlandlela sohlobo lwedada, kanti umzimba wesilinda uvulwa ngokulinganayo ngemigqa eyodwa noma emibili, enokuqina okuhle, okulula ukuyivula ukuze kube lula ukungeniswa kwezinhlanzi eziwayo, futhi kulula ukubuyisela isikhundla sokuqala sezinhlanzi eziwayo ezibambayo. I-hook yenziwe ngefasitela elivulayo kusilinda, elingunxantathu noma eliyi-trapezoidal, eligobile, elinamandla athile nokuqina.

Isithombe Esingaphezulu Se-Fig1 Esinomdwebo Wesikhala

Ngemva kokuba inhlanzi ivezwe enhlanzini ewayo, umlomo wedada noma isicathulo sokuqondisa ipeni sizovuleka ngokwemvelo bese sehla eduze kodonga lwesikhala. Inhlanzi ewayo izongena engxenyeni yokudoba yomgqomo wokudoba ngesicathulo sokuqondisa, icindezele ukuqina kwengwegwe yokudoba, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivule ingxenye ephukile, iqhubeke nokwehlisa intambo yepayipi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi inhlanzi ewayo izoqhubeka nokungena engxenyeni engenhla yomgqomo wokudoba, iphakamise intambo yokudoba, futhi ingwegwe yokudoba izonamathela emgodini noma ingene emgodini obolile. Noma isekele esitebhisini sekhola kanye nejoyinti ukuze kufezwe ukudoba ngamapayipi okugqwala.

I-overshot ene-slot ingasindisa ipayipi likawoyela eliphukile kanye nepayipi likawoyela eliseceleni, futhi ingasindisa nepayipi likawoyela eliphukile, udoti kanye nezinye izinsalela, ihlanze ingaphezulu lenhlanzi, futhi idale izimo zokusindisa okulandelayo.

4. Ithuluzi Lokugaya Nokudoba Elihlanganisiwe

Ithuluzi elihlanganisiwe lingaqedela ukusebenza okuhlangene kokugaya nokudoba. Izicathulo zokugaya zihlanganiswe nesigubhu sokugaya amafasitela, isigubhu sokugaya ucingo lwensimbi, isigubhu sokugaya amabhlogo ashelelayo, ikhoni yesifazane kanye namanye amathuluzi okudoba, angaqedela imisebenzi yokugaya, ukulungisa izinhlanzi kanye nokudoba ndawonye. Ukuze kuvikelwe ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi ngangokunokwenzeka, izicathulo zokugaya zisebenzisa izicathulo zokugaya ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungaphakathi.

Ikhoni le-casing elikhulu liyithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokugqwala i-casing yamapayipi. Lakhiwe nge-casing mill enkulu yangaphakathi kanye nekhoni enkulu ye-casing. Izicathulo ezinkulu zangaphakathi ezinobubanzi obukhulu zinobubanzi obukhulu bangaphakathi, kulula ukufaka ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi, futhi ubukhulu benhlanzi egayiwe buncane; Uhla olukhulu lwentambo yokudoba yamakhoni abesifazane luthambile, ububanzi bentambo yokudoba enkulu bukhulu, bese kuba ncane ngokushesha, ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi ingene kwikhoni yesifazane ngokushesha ngemva kokuthinta ingxenye yokudoba. Ngakho-ke, uhla olukhulu lwe-cone yesifazane egayiwe lungavikela ingxenye ephezulu yenhlanzi ngezinga elikhulu, futhi lungaqedela umsebenzi wokudoba.