Amathuluzi Okhiye Wokudonsela Emgodini: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuhlukaniswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwezingcezu Ze-Roller Cone kanye Nezingcezu Zedayimane

Emisebenzini yokubhoboza uwoyela, i-drill bit iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqhekeza idwala, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza kanye nezindleko. Njengoba ibhekene nezimo zokwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi neziguquguqukayo, ukukhetha kahle ama-roller cone bits kanye nama-diamond bits sekuyinto ebalulekile konjiniyela bokubhoboza.

01 Ama-Roller Cone Bits: Amathuluzi Ahlukahlukene Avumelana Nezimo

Kusukela zasungulwa ngo-1909, ama-roller cone bits abe uhlobo lwe-bit olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubholeni okujikelezayo. Isakhiwo sazo esiyingqayizivele sama-multi·cone siwavumela ukuthi azivumelanise nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kusukela kokuthambile kuya kokuqinile kakhulu.

Isakhiwo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko

I-roller cone bit iqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:

· Umzimba we-bit: Imilenze emithathu ye-cone ihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​​​kunentambo yokuxhuma phezulu.

· Amakhoni: Imizimba yensimbi ethambile enamazinyo aqoshiwe noma i-tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) ebusweni.

· Uhlelo lokuthwala: Luhlanganisa amasethi amane ama-bearing: amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo, amancane kanye ne-thrust.

· Ama-nozzle: Ngokuvamile ama-nozzle angu-3·4 anobubanzi obungu-7·14 mm.

· Uhlelo lokugcoba nokuvala: Izivalo zerabha noma zensimbi ezihlanganiswe nedivayisi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka uphawu lokuthwala buyintuthuko ebalulekile kuma-roller cone bits. Ama-bits anamuhla asebenzisa uhlelo lokugcoba olune-pressure·compensated olugcina ibhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi kwengcindezi yokugcoba ekamelweni lokuthwala kanye nengcindezi yekholomu yoketshezi lokubhoboza imbobo engaphansi ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa ingcindezi, i-membrane yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye nenkomishi yokugcoba.

Uhlelo Lokuhlukaniswa kanye neKhodi ye-IADC

I-International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) isungule indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokuhlukanisa ama-roller cone bits, isebenzisa uhlelo lwekhodi olunezinombolo ezintathu:

· Inombolo yokuqala: Uhlobo lwamazinyo kanye nokwakheka kwawo okufanele

· 1: Izinyo eligayiwe, ukwakheka okuthambile

· 2: Izinyo eligayiwe, eliphakathi kuya kweliphakathi · ukwakheka okuqinile

· 3: Izinyo eligayiwe, ukwakheka okuqinile, okukhuhlayo

· 5: I-TCI, ukwakheka okuthambile kuya kokuphakathi

· 6: I-TCI, ukwakheka okuqinile okuphakathi nendawo

· 7: Ukwakheka kwe-TCI, okunzima, okukhuhlayo

· 8: I-TCI, ukwakheka okuqinile kakhulu, okunokhahlo kakhulu

· Inombolo yesibili: Ukwakheka kobulukhuni obungaphansi (1·4, inombolo enkulu ikhombisa ukwakheka okunzima)

· Inombolo yesithathu: Izici zesakhiwo se-Bit

· 4: Ukuthwala okugoqekayo okuvaliwe

· 6: I-bearing yejenali evaliwe

· 7: Isivikelo se-jenali esivaliwe kanye ne-gauge ene-TCI

· 8: I-kit yokuqala yemithombo eqondisayo

Uhlelo Lokuhlukaniswa Kwe-IADC Olulula Lwezingxenyana Zekhoni Ezijikelezayo

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amatshe Nezimpawu Zokunyakaza

Uma i-roller cone bit isebenza, ibonisa ukunyakaza okuhlanganisiwe okuthathu:

· Uguquko: Amakhoni ajikeleza ngokwewashi nomzimba we-bit.

· Ukujikeleza: Amazinyo ajikeleza ngokuphambene newashi ezungeze i-axis yekhoni.

· Ukushelela: Kufaka phakathi ukushelela okuqondile kanye nokuqondile.

Lokhu kunyakaza okuhlanganisiwe kukhiqiza umphumela wokuphula amatshe omabili:

1. Ukuchotshozwa komthelela: Ukushintshana kokuthintana kwamazinyo awodwa namabili kudala ukudlidliza okuqondile, okudala umthwalo womthelela.

2. Ukusikwa kwe-chear: Kufezwa nge-overhang, i-offset kanye ne-multi-cone geometry, okuvumela ukusikwa kwe-rock.

Isu Lokukhetha Ama-Bit kanye Nokufaniswa Kokwakheka

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokukhetha ama-roller cone bits ngokwezakhiwo zamatshe:

· Ukwakheka okuthambile: Khetha izingcezu ezinomklamo we-offset, overhang, kanye ne-multi-cone; zihlonyiswe ngamazinyo amade, abanzi, ahlukaniswe kakhulu noma i-TCI.

· Ukwakheka okuqinile okuphakathi nendawo: Nciphisa amanani e-offset, overhang, kanye nama-multi-cone; sebenzisa amazinyo amafushane, amancane, asondelene kakhulu.

· Ukwakheka okuqinile nokurhabaxa: Sebenzisa i-geometry yekhoni elilodwa, akukho ukulenga, akukho ukuphambuka; faka i-TCI eyindilinga noma eyindilinga.

· Ukwakheka okugobile kwemigodi: Khetha izingcezu zamazinyo amafushane ezinokuvikelwa okuncane noma okungenakho ukuvikelwa kwe-offset kanye ne-gauge, bese ukhetha okuthambile kancane kunokwakheka kwangempela.

· Ukwakheka okuqinile okuthambile okuhlanganisiwe: Khetha i-bit ngokusekelwe edwaleni eliqinile, bese ulungisa amapharamitha okubhoboza ngokuguquguqukayo.

Izimpendulo zesimo esikhethekile:

· Izimbobo ezincane (<177 mm): Sebenzisa izingcezu zekhoni elilodwa, ezinamakhoni amakhulu, amazinyo nama-bearings ukuze uthole amandla aphezulu.

· Ukubhoboza okuqondisiwe: Khetha ama-bits ane-IADC yenombolo yesithathu engu-8 (ama-kickoff bits azinikele).

02 Ama-Diamond Bits: Ithuluzi Eliphelele Lokwakheka Okuqinile

Idayimane inobulukhuni bemvelo obuphezulu kakhulu (ubulukhuni beMohs 10, amandla okucindezela afinyelela ku-8800 MPa, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-9000 kunokwensimbi). Ama-diamond bits asebenzisa lesi sici ukuze abe yisikhali esiphezulu sokubhekana nokwakheka okuqinile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nokuvela Kwezobuchwepheshe

Izingcezu zedayimane zanamuhla zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Izingcezu zedayimane ezibekwe phezulu

· Izinhlayiya zedayimane ezivezwe ebusweni bomqhele.

· Kufanelekela ukwakheka okuphakathi nokuqina kuya kokuqinile.

· Ukulinganiswa kosayizi wedayimane:

· Ukwakheka okuthambile: amatshe amabili/i-carat (cishe ububanzi obungu-4 mm)

· Ukwakheka okuqinile okuphakathi nendawo: amatshe angu-3-4/carat (cishe amamilimitha angu-3.6)

· Ukwakheka okuqinile: amatshe angu-10‑15/carat (cishe amamilimitha angu-2.0)

2. Izingcezu zedayimane ezifakwe emanzini

· Amadayimane afakwe ku-matrix (amatshe angu-60‑400/carat).

· Kufanelekela ukwakheka okuqinile kakhulu nokurhabaxa (i-chert, i-siliceous dolomite, njll.).

· Ukuzilola okutholakala ngokuguguleka kwe-matrix.

3. Ama-PDC bits (i-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

· Yaqala ukwethulwa yiGeneral Electric ngo-1973.

· Isakhiwo sokusika: ungqimba lwedayimane + i-tungsten carbide substrate.

· Ukwakheka okusebenzayo: ukwakheka okuthambile kuya kokuphakathi okunzima okufanayo.

Izakhiwo kanye namapharamitha okuklama ayisihluthulelo

Izingcezu zedayimane zinomzimba ophelele ongenazo izingxenye ezihambayo, ikakhulukazi eziqukethe:

· Umzimba wensimbi: Insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo, ingaphezulu elinentambo.

· I-Matrix: Impuphu ye-tungsten carbide + insimbi ye-binder esekelwe ethusi, ubulukhuni be-HRC 30‑45.

· Izinto zokusika: Amadayimane emvelo/okwenziwa noma abasiki be-PDC.

· Umklamo we-hydraulic: Ama-nozzle, imigudu yamanzi (i-radial, i-spiral, njll.).

Amapharamitha okuklama abalulekile:

· Ukuhlushwa kwedayimane: Lungisa ngokwendlela yokwakheka kokuhlushwa – ukuhlushwa okuphezulu ukuze kube nokwakheka okuhlushwayo kakhudlwana.

· Ukuphakama kokuvezwa:

· Ukwakheka okuthambile: 1/3 yobubanzi bedayimane

· Ukwakheka okuqinile: 1/6‑1/10 yobubanzi bedayimane

· Ukuma komqhele: Okuyisicaba (ukwakheka okufanayo), okuyisiyingi (ukwakheka okuqinile), okunezinsika (ukwakheka okunolaka).

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amatshe Nokusabela Ekwakhekeni Kwawo

Indlela yokuphula amatshe yama-diamond bits iyashintsha ngezakhiwo zokwakheka:

· Ukwakheka kwepulasitiki (itshe lodaka, i-gypsum, njll.) – Kufana nenqubo “yokulima”; amadayimane angena futhi abangele ukugeleza kwepulasitiki edwaleni.

· Ukwakheka okubhidlikile (itshe lesihlabathi le-quartz, njll.) – Kukhiqiza imigodi yokuchoboza ebanzi; usayizi wokusika uphindwe kabili kane kunokuvezwa kwedayimane, kusebenza kahle kakhulu.

· Amatshe aqinile (itshe le-cherry, idwala le-siliceous) – Sebenzisa izingcezu ezifakwe emanzini; ukuphuka kwenziwa ngokusika nokuklwebha okuncane, kufana nokugaya ngesondo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwama-PDC Bits

Njengomkhiqizo oguqukayo emndenini we-diamond bit, ama-PDC bits anezinzuzo ezihlukile:

Izici zesakhiwo:

· I-PDC bit yomzimba wensimbi: Insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo eyodwa, iqine ngaphezu kwayo.

· I-PDC bit yomzimba we-matrix: Umzimba wensimbi engenhla + i-tungsten carbide matrix engezansi - ukusebenza okungcono.

Umklamo wephrofayela:

· I-Parabolic: Ukwakheka okuthambile, izithombe eziphakeme, i-ROP ephezulu.

· I-Round: Ilungele ukubhoboza itafula elijikelezayo, iyasiza ukungena ezingxenyeni eziqinile.

· I-Conical: Ukubhoboza ngesivinini esikhulu, ukungena kahle.

Imikhawulo:

· Akufaneleki emibhedeni yamatshe noma ukwakheka okuthambile okuqinile okuhlangene.

· Umkhawulo wokushisa (ngaphezu kuka-350°C ukuguguleka kuyashesha; uma amandla e-700°C ehluleka).

· Ukumelana okuphansi komthelela; izicucu ezintsha zithambekele ekuqhekekeni konqenqema.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza Kwe-Diamond Bit Ngokwe-Formation

03 Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Isayensi: Ukwakheka Okufanayo Nezidingo Zokusebenza

Imithetho Yegolide Yokukhetha Ama-Bit E-Roller Cone

1. Ukufanisa ubulukhuni bokwakheka

· Ukwakheka okuthambile: khetha izingcezu ezine-offset ephezulu, i-overhang, i-multi-cone, kanye namazinyo anomumo we-wedge noma amise okwe-scoop.

· Ukwakheka okuqinile: sebenzisa i-single-cone, akukho offset, kanye namazinyo ayindilinga noma ayindilinga.

2. Ukusingatha ukuklwebheka

· Ukuze uthole ukwakheka okurhabaxa, khetha ama-TCI bits ane-gauge protection.

· Uma amazinyo angaphandle egobile kuyilapho amazinyo angaphakathi engagugi kakhulu, yandisa isivikelo segeji engxenyeni elandelayo.

3. Izimpendulo zesimo esikhethekile

· Ukwakheka okugobile okunezimbobo: khetha izingcezu zamazinyo amafushane ezine-offset encane noma ezingenayo nhlobo; khetha okuthambile kancane kunokwakheka kwangempela.

· Izendlalelo ezithambile neziqinile ezihlanganisiwe: khetha i-bit ngokusekelwe edwaleni eliqinile, lungisa amapharamitha ngokuguquguqukayo.

· Izingxenye ezijulile: khetha izingcezu ezinezithombe eziningi ukuze ukhokhele ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi.

Isu Lokukhetha Amabhithi Edayimane

1. Nini ukusebenzisa ama-PDC bits

· Ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu: ukwakheka okude okuthambile kuya kokuqinile okulinganayo (i-shale, i-mudstone, i-gypsum, njll.).

· Ukusetshenziswa okungavunyelwe: imibhede yamatshe, izingqimba ze-chert, ukwakheka okuthambile okuqinile okuhlanganisiwe.

· Ukusetha ipharamitha: i-WOB ephansi (30‑60 kN), i-RPM ephezulu (100‑300 rpm), izinga lokugeleza eliphezulu.

2. Nini ukusebenzisa izingcezu zedayimane zemvelo/zokwenziwa

· Ukwakheka okunzima kuya kokunzima kakhulu (i-granite, i-quartz sandstone, njll.).

· Ukwakheka okuhudula kakhulu (i-chert, i-siliceous dolomite).

· Ukubhoboza nge-turbo, imithombo ejulile nejulile kakhulu, imisebenzi yokubopha.

3. Izidingo ezikhethekile zokubopha ama-bits

· Ama-coring bits e-roller cone: umklamo wama-cone amane (oyi-conical/cylindrical) noma ama-cone ayisithupha (umgqomo ogcwele).

· Ama-coring bits edayimane: izicucu kumele zihlelwe ngokulinganayo futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka njalo.

· Isikhombisi sesihluthulelo: imbobo yangaphakathi egxile enobubanzi bangaphandle ukuze kugwenywe umongo ojikelezayo.

Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Downhole Anomaly

Ukuhlonza izimo zokusebenza kwe-roller cone bit:

· Ukwehluleka kwamabhereyi: Itafula elijikelezayo elijikelezayo liyagxumagxuma, liya ngokuya liba libi ngaphansi kwe-WOB ephezulu, ama-ROP ehla kodwa ingcindezi yephampu ijwayelekile.

· Ikhoni elahlekile: Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-torque, inkomba yesisindo iyashintshashintsha kakhulu, ubude bentambo bushintsha uma ithathwa.

· Amazinyo agugile ayisicaba: Umthwalo wetafula elijikelezayo onciphile, akukho ukugxumagxuma, ukwehla kwe-ROP okubukhali.

Ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-diamond bit:

· Imbobo engezansi kumele ihlanzeke ngaphambi kokungena emgodini; qinisekisa ukuthi akukho nkunkuma yensimbi.

· Qala ukubhoboza nge-WOB elula, i-RPM ephansi ukuze “ungene” (ukufakwa kwephrofayili yembobo engezansi engu-0.5 m).

· Gwema ukuphinda usebenzise umsindo; uma kudingeka, sebenzisa i-WOB elula, i-RPM ephansi, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile.

04 Izitayela Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu Namaphuzu Okusebenza Ensimini

Izikhombisi-ndlela zokusungula ubuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ijethi enomfutho ophezulu:

· Isebenzisa amajethi anomfutho ophezulu kakhulu (150‑200 MPa) ukusiza ukubhidliza idwala.

· Ama-intensifiers e-Downhole agxile kakhulu ku-R&D; izivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi i-ROP inganda izikhathi ezingu-3‑5.

Izinselele zobuchwepheshe zifaka phakathi ukuvala nokudlulisa umfutho ophezulu kakhulu.

Izinhlelo ze-bit ezihlakaniphile:

· Izinzwa ezifakiwe ziqapha isimo sebhithi ngesikhathi sangempela.

· Ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwamapharamitha okusika ukuze kuhambisane nezinguquko zokwakheka.

· Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhethwa kwebhithi nokubikezela impilo yesevisi.

Imithetho Yegolide Ensimini

1. Ukunquma ukuthi uzokhipha nini emgodini

· Ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwe-ROP (ngokwakheka okufanayo).

· Ukwehla kwe-ROP okungazelelwe ngezinyathelo zokulungisa ezingasebenzi kahle (ushintsho lokwakheka).

· Ukwanda kwe-torque okubukhali okuhambisana nokwehla kwe-ROP (umonakalo we-bit).

· Ukwehla kwengcindezi yepompo ngokuzumayo (umlomo olahlekile noma intambo yokubhoboza ehlanziwe).

2. Izinyathelo zokwandisa impilo ye-bit

· Sebenzisa i-bit entsha ene-WOB elula kanye ne-RPM ephansi ukuze ungene.

· Sebenzisa isivikelo esincane (idivayisi yokulwa nokugxuma).

· Uhambo olufushane ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kusulwe imfucumfucu engaphansi kwembobo.

· Gwema ukujikeleza ngokweqile phansi.

3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezomnotho

· Bala izindleko ngemitha = (izindleko zebhithi + izindleko zesikhathi sokubhoboza) / i-footage.

Ngisho noma ama-PDC bits enezindleko eziphezulu zamayunithi, ezimweni ezifanele i-PDC bit eyodwa ingabhoboza ama-footage aphindwe ka-3-5 kune-roller cone bit.

· Ezigabeni ezijulile, beka phambili ama-bits anevidiyo ephezulu ukuze kulungiswe ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi.

Ukukhetha ama-bit kuwubuchwepheshe obuqondile obuhlanganisa ithiyori yesayensi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwensimu. Ama-roller cone bits, ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwawo okubanzi, ahlala ewuhlobo lwama-bit oluvame kakhulu namuhla. Ama-diamond bits, ikakhulukazi ama-PDC bits, abonisa ukusebenza kahle okungenakuqhathaniswa ezinhlotsheni ezithile.

Ukuqonda kahle uhlelo lokuhlukanisa i-IADC, ukuqonda izindlela zokuphula amatshe zama-bits ahlukene, nokuhlola ngokuphelele i-lithology, ukucushwa kwe-wellbore kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kuzokwenza kube nokuhambisana okuphelele phakathi kwe-bit nokwakheka. Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ze-downhole, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukukhetha i-bit kusuka ezinqumweni ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kuya ekufanisweni kokunemba okuhlakaniphile, okuqhubekayo kuqhuba intuthuko entsha ekusebenzeni kahle kokubhoboza.

Xhumana: uJessie Zhou

Ucingo/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com