Ubuchwepheshe Bokubhoboza Nokukhiqiza | Kuyini Isivinini Sokubhoboza - Amathuluzi Akhulayo? Ungakuthuthukisa Kanjani Ukusebenza Kahle Kokubhoboza Nokunciphisa Izindleko?

1Isivinini Sokubhoboza Isikulufa Esiphezulu – Esimelana Nokushisa Okulinganayo – Ubukhulu Bodonga – Ubuchwepheshe Obukhulayo

Isikulufu esimelana nokushisa okuphezulu nesilingana nobukhulu bodonga siyithuluzi elikhulisa isivinini elenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu embonini yokubhoboza. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezikulufu zokubhoboza zendabuko, ngenxa yendawo yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuvame ukuguguleka okukhulu kanye nomonakalo wokukhathala, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza. Kodwa-ke, isikulufu esimelana nokushisa okuphezulu nesilingana nobukhulu bodonga sinokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu, okungagcina izakhiwo ezizinzile zemishini endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu, kunciphise ukwehluleka kwemishini okubangelwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise isivinini sokubhoboza.

1.1 Isimiso Sobuchwepheshe

Injini ye-downhole ishayela ngqo i-drill bit ukuze iphule idwala kanye ne-drill, okungadlulisela amandla kahle kakhulu ku-drill bit, kunciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwamathuluzi e-downhole. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini ishayela ngqo i-drill bit, okungagwema ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa ukulahleka kohlelo lokudlulisa, ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla engeziwe ekubholeni ngamatshe - ukuphula, kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokubhoboza kanye nokusebenza kahle. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwemishini, isikulufu sobukhulu obulinganayo obumelana nokushisa okuphezulu sisebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ubuso. Isibonelo, insimbi ye-alloy ephezulu isetshenziswa njengezinto eziyinhloko, noma ubuso bemishini buphathwa ngokushisa noma ukwelashwa nge-coating ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwemishini. Njengoba i-stator isebenzisa igobolondo lensimbi elenziwe ngaphambilini elinesimo esithile se-cross - section, bese ifakwa ngeglue ukuze yakhe ungqimba lwerabha oluncane nolulinganayo, imoto inomphumela omkhulu we-torque futhi ingazivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-geological. Lesi sakhiwo senza igebe phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor yemoto libe lincane, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka, futhi kuthuthukiswe impilo yenkonzo kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini. Ithuluzi liphinde lisebenzise indlela yokukhiya noma yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngomshini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokujikeleza kanye nokuzinza kwemishini, futhi kugwenywe ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokubhoboza okubangelwa ukudlidliza kwezikulufo noma ukungavamile.

1.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza, isikulufu esimelana nokushisa okuphezulu esilingana nobukhulu bodongaithuluzi lokubhobozaAyinazo nje kuphela izici zama-screw motors ajwayelekile, kodwa futhi inezici ze-torque enkulu, ukuqalisa okulula, kanye nokumelana nokulayisha ngokweqile, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokubhoboza ezindaweni ezijulile zokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa isikulufu esiqondile esinethuluzi elincane lokubhoboza le-pendulum ezindaweni ezijulile zokushisa okuphezulu, isivinini esikhulu sokubhoboza singatholakala ngokucindezela okuphansi kokubhoboza, futhi umphumela obalulekile wokunciphisa nokuvimbela ukuphambuka ungatholakala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kwesikulufu esiqondile kunganikeza namandla okusekela azinzile ukuvimbela i-drill bit ukuthi ingaphambuki ezindaweni ezijulile zokushisa okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokubhoboza. Kokubili ucwaningo lwethiyori kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zasendaweni kubonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza obusheshayo obusebenzisa izikulufu ezilingana nobukhulu bodonga obuqinile obumelana nokushisa okuphezulu bungakhuphula kakhulu isivinini sokujikeleza se-drill bit phansi komthombo, buvumelane nendawo yokushisa ephezulu engaphansi komgodi, futhi buthuthukise ngempumelelo ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-wellbore. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganciphisa futhi umthwalo we-drive ephezulu kanye ne-torque yamathuluzi okubhoboza, futhi yandise impilo yenkonzo yethuluzi lokubhoboza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi okubhoboza avamile e-PDC, le ndlela ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza futhi ibonise imiphumela emihle kakhulu yezomnotho neyobuchwepheshe.

2Ijubane Le-Turbine + Elifakwe Idayimane Elincane – Ubuchwepheshe Obukhulayo

I-turbodrill iyithuluzi lamandla elingaphansi komhlaba elingaguqula amandla e-hydraulic oketshezi abe amandla omshini ojikelezayo, ngaleyo ndlela liqhube i-drill bit ukuthi ijikeleze futhi ishaye, futhi ifeze ukubhoboza okusheshayo nokusebenzayo. Yakhiwe kakhulu izingxenye ezintathu: isigaba se-turbine, i-universal shaft, kanye ne-transmission shaft. I-inpregnated diamond bit uhlobo lwe-diamond bit. I-matrix yayo yenziwe ngokucwilisa izinhlayiya ze-polycrystalline zedayimane ngaphandle kwe-matrix, okwenza i-bit ibe nolaka kakhulu. I-matrix inokuphakama okuthile, ububanzi bayo bangaphandle bukhulu kancane kunobubanzi bangaphandle bomzimba we-bit, futhi ububanzi bayo bangaphakathi buncane kancane kunobubanzi bangaphakathi bomzimba we-bit. Uhlangothi lwangaphandle, uhlangothi lwangaphakathi, kanye nephansi le-matrix konke kuhlinzekwe ngemisele yamanzi ukuze kukhishwe izingcezu zamatshe futhi kupholise i-bit ngokusebenzisa uketshezi oluhlanzayo. I-matrix inamandla anele okucindezelayo nokuthinta, kanye nobunzima obukhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. I-turbodrill kanye ne-inpregnated diamond bit zingamathuluzi abalulekile enqubweni yokubhoboza uwoyela, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlangene kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza kanye nekhwalithi yokubhoboza.

2.1 Isimiso Sobuchwepheshe

Ingxenye ye-turbine iyisici esiyinhloko se-turbodrill, eyakhiwa ama-turbine stator nama-rotor, ama-bearings aphakathi, ama-main shafts, kanye nama-casing. Ingaguqula amandla oketshezi oketshezi lokubhoboza abe amandla omshini wokujikelezisa umgodi oyinhloko. Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sihlanganisa izigaba eziningi zama-stator nama-rotor abhangqiwe. Lapho uketshezi lokubhoboza lungena ku-stator ngethuluzi lokubhoboza, i-stator izoqondisa uketshezi lokubhoboza ukuthi lube nesiqondiso nesivinini esithile, bese lungena ku-rotor. Ku-rotor, uketshezi lokubhoboza luzothinta ama-blades ukuze ludale umehluko othile wokucindezela, okuzobangela ukuthi i-rotor ijikeleze. Ngale ndlela, amandla oketshezi lokubhoboza aguqulwa abe amandla omshini aqhuba umgodi we-turbine ukuthi ujikeleze.

Indlela eyinhloko yokuphula idwala le-diamond bit efakwe i-abrasive rock breaking, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa izinhlayiya zedayimane ukugaya, ukuklwebha, nokukhuhla idwala njalo ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla axial kanye ne-torque, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuphula idwala. I-diamond bit ikakhulukazi esebenzisa le ndlela yokuphula idwala inokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, okungabhekana ngempumelelo namadwala arhabaxa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezirhabaxa eziqinile kakhulu, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo ye-drill bit.

2.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

I-turbodrill + i-diamond bit efakwe i-inpregnated isebenzisa isakhiwo sensimbi yonke, esinokumelana okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomphumela wokubhoboza ozinzile, okwenza ukuthi isebenze kahle ngisho nasezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokubhoboza kwemithombo ejulile kanye nemithombo ejulile kakhulu. Le nhlanganisela yamathuluzi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwebhalansi ye-axial, okunganciphisa ukudlidliza kwe-lateral, kudale indlela ebushelelezi yokubhoboza i-wellbore, kunciphise umonakalo odongeni lomthombo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikele i-drill bit kanye namanye amathuluzi okudonsa phansi, futhi kuzuzisa emisebenzini elandelayo. Ngenxa yezici zokujikeleza kwesivinini esiphezulu se-turbodrill, inhlanganisela ye-diamond bit efakwe i-inpregnated kanye ne-turbine enesivinini esiphezulu ingasebenzisa ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza okuphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezijulile ezinobunzima obukhulu kanye nokuhlubuka okunamandla, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu amandla okubhoboza.

3Isivinini Sokubhoboza I-Torque Impactor – Ubuchwepheshe Obukhulayo

I-torque impactor iyithuluzi lamandla elihlanzekile elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwama-PDC bits edwala elisizayo. Leli thuluzi likhiqiza ukwehla kwengcindezi nge-nozzle eguquguqukayo yokugeleza, yakha indawo yokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nendawo yokucindezela okuphansi ngaphakathi kwayo. Lapho umehluko wengcindezi usebenza kuthuluzi, isiteshi sokugeleza siyashintsha ukuze senze isando sokushaya kanye nesando sokuqala ngaphakathi kwethuluzi kubuyele emuva ngesivinini esikhulu. Isando sokushaya sihlala sithinta ubuso bokushaya, ngaleyo ndlela sidlulise amandla okushaya ku-drill bit, sakha i-torque yokushaya ephezulu. Iguqula ngobuhlakani amandla oketshezi loketshezi lokubhoboza abe amandla okushaya ajikelezayo, aphezulu, afanayo, futhi azinzile futhi iwadlulisele ngqo ku-PDC bit, igcina i-drill bit kanye nephansi lomthombo kuqhubeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.

3.1 Isimiso Sobuchwepheshe

Amandla okushaya aqinile aphindaphindwayo angu-750 izikhathi/min kuya ku-1500 izikhathi/min anikezwa yi-torque impactor alingana nokusika ukwakheka izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzu. Lokhu kwenza i-drill bit ikwazi ukusika ukwakheka ngaphandle kokulinda i-torsion ukuthi iqoqe amandla anele, okushintsha ngokuphelele isimo sokusebenza kwe-drill bit. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-drill bit inamandla amabili okusika ukwakheka: enye yi-torque enikezwa yitafula elijikelezayo, kanti enye yi-torque impactor. Lawa mandla amabili adluliselwa ngqo ku-drill bit uqobo, ukuze i-torque edluliselwa yipayipi lokubhoboza ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukusika ukwakheka ngaphandle kokuchitha. Isenzo esihlangene sale torque kanye namandla okushaya akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa kakhulu isivinini sokubhoboza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo noma kuqede ukudlidliza okulimazayo kwe-drill bit ngesikhathi sokubhoboza ezindaweni eziqinile, kuvikele i-drill bit, kwandise impilo yesevisi ye-drill bit, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphise amandla okukhathala kwamanye amathuluzi okubhoboza futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yamanye amathuluzi okubhoboza. Isibalo 1 sibonisa isimo sokucindezeleka sentambo yokubhoboza engaphansi kwembobo yethuluzi lokubhoboza elivamile kanye ne-torque impactor.

3.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Njengethuluzi lokubhoboza elithuthukisiwe, i-torque impactor inesakhiwo sangaphakathi esinengqondo, ayinazo izingxenye zerabha nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, futhi inezingxenye ezimbalwa. Ngisho noma yehluleka, ilingana kuphela ne-drill bit sub ejikelezayo njalo kanye ne-PDC bit ngaphandle kokuthinta ukubhoboza okuqhubekayo, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhubeka i-drill, ngakho-ke inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu. I-torque impactor ifaneleka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwamatshe angcolile anobukhali obuqinile kanye nokubhoboza okubi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithuluzi kulula ukulisebenzisa. Uma usebenzisa i-torque impactor, idinga kuphela ukuxhunywa ngqo nethuluzi lokubhoboza elijikelezayo noma eliqondisayo, okulula futhi okulula ukulisebenzisa.

4I-Compound Impactor

I-compound impactor iyithuluzi lokubhoboza elithuthukisiwe elinedivayisi yokuguqula amandla eklanyelwe ngaphakathi, engaguqula amandla oketshezi oketshezi lokubhoboza abe amandla okushaya kwe-pulse, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla okushaya aqinile ajikelezayo kanye nawa-axial. Le ndlela yokusebenza ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-drill bit, ixazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zokubamba i-stick - slip kanye ne-pressure ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelela umgomo wokwenyuka kwesivinini. I-compound impactor ayinazo nje kuphela izici zomthelela we-torsional kanye nezinzuzo ze-torque impactor, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa ngendlela entsha umsebenzi womthelela we-axial..

i-compound impactor

4.1 Isimiso Sobuchwepheshe

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-compound impactor sakhiwe ngemishini yensimbi emsulwa. Iguqula amandla oketshezi oketshezi lokubhoboza abe amandla omthelela ojikelezayo nozinzile kanye ne-axial ngokusebenzisa indlela yokubuyela emuva. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhoboza yenhlangano yamathuluzi okubhoboza evamile, ngemva kokuba i-PDC bit ingene ekwakhekeni, ukuqongelela kwamandla kwethuluzi lokubhoboza elingaphezulu kudingeka kudlule inani elithile elibalulekile ukuze kuqalwe ukuphuka kwedwala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-compound impactor iguqula amandla oketshezi oketshezi lokubhoboza abe amandla omthelela, inikeze amandla omthelela ophindaphindayo nozinzile we-drill bit. Ngale ndlela, ukucindezeleka kokuphuka kwedwala kungafinyelela ngokushesha ekucindezelekeni okubalulekile kokugunda ukwakheka, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokugunda kwe-PDC bit. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokucindezeleka kokuphuka kwedwala kanye ne-torque, kuyasiza ukuthi i-drill bit yenze ukusika okufanayo phansi komthombo, isuse ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kakhulu okusheshayo ku-PDC bit ngaphansi kwamathuluzi okubhoboza avamile. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezeleka ku-drill bit kuba okufanayo futhi kuzinze, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yenkonzo ye-PDC bit futhi kwandise i-footage yokusebenza ye-drill bit eyodwa.

4.2 Ukuhlaziywa Kokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-torque impactor, i-compound impactor ikhulisa amandla omthelela we-longitudinal. Ngokwethiyori, ukusebenza kwayo kahle kokuphuka kwamatshe kuphakeme, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziqinile. Ngaphansi kobukhulu obufanayo, ingcindezi yokubhoboza efanele ye-compound impactor iphakeme kancane kuneye-torque impactor. Ku-compound impactor, i-drill bit esetshenziswayo kufanele ibe nokumelana okunamandla komthelela, futhi kukhona amazinyo ashaqisayo asakazeke eceleni kwamazinyo amakhulu okusika e-drill bit, okuvikela ngempumelelo i-drill bit. Lapho ubhoboza ezinhlotsheni eziqinile kanye nasezinhlotsheni ezihlaselayo kakhulu, ukukhetha ama-HPM series PDC bits kungafinyelela ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kwesivinini sokubhoboza kanye ne-footage.

5Iziphetho kanye namathemba

Lesi sihloko sifunda futhi sethula isivinini esivamile sokubhoboza - amathuluzi akhulayo. Ngokuhlaziya izimiso, izici, kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa la mathuluzi, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zesivinini sokubhoboza - amathuluzi akhulayo afanele izimo ezahlukene zejoloji kanye nezidingo zokubhoboza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezindleko ezahlukene zokusebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, ukukhethwa kwesivinini sokubhoboza - amathuluzi akhulayo nawo kudingeka acatshangelwe ngokombono wezomnotho.

Ocwaningweni lwesikhathi esizayo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwenziwe kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo: funda kabanzi indlela yokusebenza yesivinini sokubhoboza - ukwandisa amathuluzi, ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwamathuluzi, nokuthuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusebenza kahle kwawo; hlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-big data ukuze kufezwe ubuhlakani kanye nokuqapha isivinini sokubhoboza kude - ukwandisa amathuluzi, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokubhoboza; ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwesivinini sokubhoboza - ukwandisa amathuluzi kwezinye izinkambu, njengemithombo yamanzi, imithombo yegesi, kanye nemithombo ye-geothermal, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zentuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho.

Xhumana: uJessie Zhou

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