Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Ukunamathela Kwentambo Yokubhoboza (Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Ku-Bit) Ekubhobozeni？

Igama elithi “lost weight on bit” (LWB) libhekisela esimweni ngesikhathi sokubhoboza lapho isisindo esiklanyelwe ku-bit (WOB) sihluleka ukusebenza ku-drill bit. Esikhundleni salokho, ngenxa yokungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kwentambo yokubhoboza engaphansi komgodi kanye nodonga olumbozwe kahle, sonke isisindo esisetshenziswayo simuncwa yintambo yokubhoboza.

Uma usebenzisa i-WOB, ukuncishiswa kwe-wellbore kuvame ukubangela ukuthi isisindo sisebenze ngokugcweleintambo yokubhobozanoma iziqinisi. Lokhu kudinga ukufakwa kwesisindo okuqhubekayo, kodwa amandla okucindezela entambo yokubhoboza kumele acatshangelwe. Ukwenyuka ngakunye kwesisindo kungabangela ukunyakaza okuncane phansi kwentambo yokubhoboza; ukufakwa kwesisindo okuphindaphindiwe kuvumela intambo yokubhoboza ukuthi idlule ingxenye ye-wellbore encishisiwe. Ngesikhathi intambo yokubhoboza iphuma kulesi sigaba, i-drill bit ithinta ngokushesha phansi kwe-wellbore. Njengoba i-WOB kuleli qophelo iphakeme kunaleyo yokubhoboza okuvamile, i-bit ingena ngokujulile ekwakhekeni, okuholela ekwandeni okungazelelwe kwe-torque. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi itafula elijikelezayo noma i-top drive ime. Uma kwenzeka ukuma, ungayiphakamisi intambo yokubhoboza ngokuzumayo—khulula i-torque kuqala. Ukubhoboza okuvamile kungaqalwa kabusha ngemva kokulungiswa okuphindaphindiwe.

Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ku-bit ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezimweni ezilandelayo: ukubhoboza imigodi eqondile nge-back-reaming noma imigodi eqondisayo enemisebenzi eminingi yokubuyisela emuva, ukubhoboza amafasitela nokubhoboza okuqondisayo, kanye nokubhoboza okuqondisayo komthombo ovundlile. Ngenxa yendlela yokudonsa i-wellbore kanye nezici ezahlukahlukene zokumelana, kunzima ukuthi ingcindezi esetshenziswa ku-drill string idluliselwe ku-drill bit. Kusukela kumathuluzi okufaka udaka oluphelele kanye nezinkomba zesisindo, lokhu kuboniswa kanje: indawo ye-drill bit ayishintshi futhi akukho footage etholakala naphezu kokwanda kwe-WOB okuqhubekayo; ingcindezi ye-pump ayikhuphuki futhi akukho ukuvimba kwe-pump okwenzekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwe-WOB okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekuvinjweni kwe-pump ngokuzumayo. Emigodini eqondisayo, ukulahleka kwesisindo ku-bit akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kokuqondisa kodwa futhi kuyingozi ekubambekeni kwepayipi uma imisebenzi ingafanele.

1.Qinisa Ukulawulwa Kwendlela Yomgwaqo We-Wellbore kanye Nokuthuthukisa Ukucushwa Kwentambo Yokubhoboza

Ukuze kuxazululwe ukulahleka kwesisindo esinqeni okubangelwa umzila ongasebenzi kahle we-wellbore, indlela eyinhloko yobunjiniyela ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa komzila. Emithonjeni eqondile neqondile, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukulawulwa okuqondiswe kahle ukuze kugcinwe ukuphambuka komthombo kanye ne-azimuth kuhambisana nomklamo, kugwenywe ukuphambuka emuva ngenxa yokuphambuka komklamo.

Ngokulahlekelwa isisindo ku-bit okubangelwa umzila ongasebenzi kahle we-wellbore, ikhambi eliphumelela kakhulu ukwenza lula ukucushwa kwentambo yokubhoboza: ukunciphisa inani lama-drill collars nokwandisa inani lamapayipi okubhoboza anzima (i-HWDP). Lokhu kunciphisa ukuqina kwentambo yokubhoboza, kunciphisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwentambo yokubhoboza nekhekhe lodaka, futhi kuvimbele kokubili ukulahlekelwa isisindo ku-bit kanye nokunamathela okuhlukile.

Uma kuncishiswa isisindo nge-bit emithonjeni evundlile, izinyathelo kufanele zigxile ekuhlanzeni imigodi, ukugcoba, kanye namasu okusebenza kombhobozi.

2. Thuthukisa Ukuhlanza

Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanza kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza imisele kanye nokuhlanza udaka olungaphezulu kusetshenziswa imishini yokulawula okuqinile okungaphezulu.

Thuthukisa Amandla Okuthwala Udaka Olusikiwe

Emaphrojekthini akamuva okubhoboza aqondiswe ngqo, ama-PDC bits ahlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bezimoto eziqondiswayo avame ukusetshenziswa, afinyelela ukusheshisa okukhulu futhi agaye izingcezu zibe yizinhlayiya ezincane—okubeka izinselele ezithile ekuhlanzeni imigodi engaphansi komhlaba.

Izidingo Zokufuduka Kwezingxenye Ezihlukene Ze-Wellbore:Engxenyeni yomthombo engu-φ311 mm, ukufuduka kumele kube ngaphezu kuka-3.4 m³/min; engxenyeni yomthombo engu-φ216 mm, kumele kube ngaphezu kuka-1.1 m³/min.

Lungisa Amapharamitha E-Rheological Odaka Ngokusekelwe Ekubuyiselweni Kwezicucu Ezingaphansi Kwembobo:Kuketshezi lokubhoboza lwe-polymer oluqinile kancane, isilinganiso sepulasitiki esiguqukayo kufanele silawulwe phakathi kuka-0.42 no-0.50 ukuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle wokuthwala izicucu. Ngokuphathelene nokunamathela kodaka namandla ejeli, ukunamathela kwemithombo eqonde phezulu kufanele kugcinwe ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-48—ukunamathela okuphezulu namandla ejeli kusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlala okuqondile kwezicucu.

Komunye umsebenzi wokubhoboza, lapho ukuphambuka komthombo kwakungu-50-60 degrees, ukungezwa kwejeli eli-organic positive kwehlisa ukujiya kodaka kwaba cishe yimizuzwana engu-42, okwaholela ekubuyeni okungekuhle kwezicucu zemigodi ephansi kanye nokulahlekelwa isisindo kancane ngesikhathi sokubhoboza ngokuqondisa. Izimo ezijwayelekile zemigodi ephansi zabuyiselwa ngemuva kokwandisa ukujiya kodaka kwaba yimizuzwana engu-50.

Emigodini enokujula okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-200–300, imithombo evundlile ingadonselwa engxenyeni yomthombo ngokuphambuka kwama-degrees angu-20–30. Ekucushweni kwentambo yokubhoboza yokubhoboza okuqondisiwe, izitendi eziningana zamakhola okubhoboza zivame ukufakwa. Emigodini esanda kubhobozwa, ukuba khona kwamakhola okubhoboza kwandisa ijubane lokubuyela kodaka oluyindilinga, ngakho-ke imibhede yokubhoboza ivame ukuhlala emgodini omdala womthombo. Ngakho-ke, amanye amaqembu okubhoboza adonsa kuphela ingxenye yomthombo esanda kubhobozwa, okungenawo umthelela omkhulu ekuqhekekeni kwemibhede yokubhoboza.

3. Thuthukisa Ukugcotshwa Kodaka kanye Nekhwalithi Yekhekhe Lodaka

Thuthukisa Ukugcotshwa Kodaka

Izinyathelo ezithile zokuthuthukisa ukugcotshwa kodaka zifaka phakathi, okokuqala, ukwandisa umthamo wamafutha okugcoba, okwesibili, ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamafutha okugcoba ahlukene.

Ekubholeni okuqondiswe ngqo, uwoyela ongahluziwe uvame ukuhlanganiswa nodaka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqondiswe ngqo. Nakuba uwoyela ongahluziwe unamafutha amahle, ukwengeza kwawo kwehlisa ikhwalithi yekhekhe lodaka. Ngakho-ke, emisebenzini yokubhoboza okuqondiswe ngqo, uwoyela ongahluziwe kufanele usetshenziswe kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezisekelwe emanzini. Lokhu akuxazululi nje inkinga yokugcoba kodwa futhi kugwema amakhekhe odaka aminyene abangelwa umthamo omkhulu wamafutha angahluziwe.

Ukungqubuzana okushelelayo kuyanda ngokwesilinganiso sokungqubuzana. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, cishe amathani angu-3-5 kawoyela ongahluziwe angaxutshwa odakeni, kanti okuqukethwe kukawoyela ongahluziwe akudluli ku-9-10%.

Thuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yekhekhe Lodaka

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yekhekhe lodaka, kungangezwa izinto zodaka ezifana ne-asphalt ene-sulfonated kanye ne-phenolic resin. Ikhekhe lodaka elisezingeni eliphezulu linciphisa ingozi yokunamathela okuhlukile okubangelwa ukulahleka kwesisindo ku-bit.

Ngaphezu kwama-lubricant aketshezi, ama-lubricant aqinile kanye nama-lubricant acindezela kakhulu nawo ayasebenza ekunciphiseni isisindo esilahlekile ku-bit. Uma isisindo esilahlekile ku-bit senzeka ngesikhathi sokubhoboza ohlangothini oluqondile ezindaweni eziqinile, ukwengeza i-graphite enwetshiwe engu-200-300 kg ngesikhathi esisodwa kunomthelela omuhle ekuxazululeni isisindo esilahlekile ku-bit okubangelwa ukugcotshwa okungekuhle.

Xhumana: May Ye

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