Amathuluzi Okudonsa Okuyinhloko: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuhlukaniswa Nokusetshenziswa Kwezingcezu Ze-Roller Cone kanye Nezingcezu Zedayimane

01 Ama-Roller Cone Bits: Amathuluzi Ahlukahlukene Okuvumelanisa Nezimo

Kusukela ekusungulweni kwazo ngo-1909, ama-roller cone bits abe uhlobo lwama-bit olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubholeni okujikelezayo. Ukwakheka kwazo okuyingqayizivele kwama-multi-cone amaningi kuzenza zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka, kusukela kokuthambile kuya kokuqinile kakhulu.

Ukwakheka Kwesakhiwo kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obuyinhloko

I-roller cone bit iqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:

• Umzimba Wengxenye: Imilenze emithathu yekhoni ihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​​​kufakwe izintambo zokuxhuma engxenyeni engenhla.
• Ama-Roller Cones: Imizimba yensimbi ebumbene enamazinyo aqoshiwe noma amazinyo afakiwe ebusweni.
• Uhlelo Lokuthwala: Luhlanganisa amasethi amane ama-bearing: amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo, amancane, kanye nama-thrust bearing.
• Ama-nozzle: Ngokuvamile angu-3-4 ngenani, anobubanzi obungu-7-14 mm.
• Uhlelo Lokugcina Nokuvala Amafutha: Izindandatho zokuvala zerabha noma zensimbi ezihlanganiswe namadivayisi okunciphisa ingcindezi.

Phakathi kwalokhu, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala amabhere bumelela intuthuko ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe bama-roller cone bits. Ama-bits anamuhla asebenzisa uhlelo lokunciphisa ingcindezi yokugcina uwoyela, olugcina ibhalansi eguquguqukayo phakathi kwengcindezi kawoyela emgodini wokuthwala kanye nengcindezi yekholomu yoketshezi lokubhoboza imbobo engaphansi ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezifana nemigodi yokudlulisa ingcindezi, ama-diaphragm okunciphisa ingcindezi, kanye nezinkomishi zikawoyela.

Uhlelo Lokuhlukaniswa kanye Nokubhala Amakhodi kwe-IADC

I-International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) ithuthukise indinganiso yokuhlukanisa ehlanganisiwe emhlabeni wonke yama-roller cone bits, isebenzisa uhlelo lokubhala ikhodi olunezinombolo ezintathu:

Idijithi Yokuqala: Uhlobo lwamazinyo kanye nokwakheka okufanele

1: Amazinyo aqoshiwe, ukwakheka okuthambile

2: Amazinyo aqoshiwe, aqine kakhulu kuya kwaphakathi

3: Amazinyo aqoshiwe, ukwakheka okuqinile nokukhuhlayo

5: Faka amazinyo, athambile kuya emaphakathi

6: Faka amazinyo, ukwakheka okuqinile okuphakathi nendawo

7: Faka amazinyo, ukwakheka okuqinile nokukhuhlayo

8: Faka amazinyo, aqine kakhulu futhi ahlaba kakhulu

Idijithi Yesibili: Ukuhlukaniswa kobulukhuni bokwakheka (Ibanga 1-4; izinombolo eziphakeme zibonisa ukwakheka okunzima)

Idijithi Yesithathu: Izici zesakhiwo se-Bit

4: Ama-roller bearings avaliwe

6: Amabheringi ashelelayo avaliwe

7: Amabheringi ashelelayo avaliwe + ukuvikelwa kwegeji yokufaka

8: Amabhithi okuchezuka ukuze kubholwe ngendlela eqondile

Uhlelo Lokuhlukaniswa Kwe-IADC Olulula Lwezingxenyana Zekhoni Ezijikelezayo

Indlela Yokuqhekeza Amadwala Nezimpawu Zokunyakaza

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-roller cone bit ibonisa izinhlobo ezintathu zokunyakaza okuhlanganisiwe:

• Uguquko: Amakhoni ajikeleza ngokwewashi nalo lonke ucezu.
• Ukujikeleza: Amazinyo ajikeleza ngokuphambene newashi azungeze i-axis yekhoni.
• Ukushelela: Kubandakanya ukushelela okuqondile kanye nokuqondile.

Lokhu kunyakaza okuhlanganisiwe kufeza umphumela ophindwe kabili wokuphula idwala:

1.Umphumela Wokuchoboza Umthelela: Ukushintshana kokuthintana kwamazinyo awodwa namabili ngembobo engezansi kudala ukudlidliza okude, okudala imithwalo yomthelela.

2.Umphumela Wokugunda Okushelelayo: Ukugunda amatshe kufezwa ngokuklama izakhiwo ezilengayo, eziphindwe kabili, kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphandle.

Isu Lokukhetha Nokufanisa Ukwakheka 

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokukhetha ama-roller cone bits ngokusekelwe ezicini zamatshe:

• Ukwakheka Okuthambile: Khetha izingcezu ezinezakhiwo ze-offset, overhang, kanye ne-double-cone, ezihlonyiswe ngamazinyo amade, abanzi, naqhekekile aqoshiwe noma afakiwe.
• Ukwakheka Okuqinile Okumaphakathi: Nciphisa amanani e-offset, overhang, kanye ne-double cone; sebenzisa amazinyo amafushane, amancane, naqinile.
• Ukwakheka Okuqinile Nokuhlukumezayo: Sebenzisa ama-roller e-single-cone angenawo ama-overhang noma ama-offset, afakwe amazinyo ebhola noma amazinyo e-conical-ball.
• Ukwakheka Okuthambekele Ekuphambukeni: Khetha izingcezu zamazinyo amafushane ezingenayo i-offset noma i-offset encane, futhi ezingenayo i-gage teeth.
• Ukwakheka Okuthambile Nokuqinile Okuhlanganisiwe: Khetha izinhlobo zama-bit ngokusekelwe edwaleni eliqinile, bese ulungisa amapharamitha ngokuguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokubhoboza.

Impendulo Ezimweni Zokusebenza Ezikhethekile

• Ama-Boreholes Amancane (<177 mm): Sebenzisa ama-single-roller cone bits, anama-cones amakhulu, amazinyo, nama-bearings ukuze uthole amandla aphezulu.
• Ukubhoboza Okuqondisiwe: Khetha ama-bits akhethekile okuphambuka anenombolo yesithathu yekhodi ye-IADC engu-8. 

02 Ama-Diamond Bits: Amathuluzi Anamandla Okwakheka Okuqinile 

Njengento enzima kakhulu emvelweni, idayimane inobulukhuni beMohs beBanga le-10, amandla okucindezela afinyelela ku-8800 MPa, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-9000 kunokwensimbi. Isebenzisa lesi sici, izingcezu zedayimane ziye zaba ithuluzi eliphelele lokubhekana nokwakheka okuqinile.

Uhlelo Lokuhlukaniswa kanye Nokuvela Kobuchwepheshe

Izingcezu zedayimane zanamuhla zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu:

1.Amabhithi edayimane abekwe phezulu

• Izinhlayiya zedayimane zivezwa ebusweni be-matrix.
• Ifanele ukwakheka okuphakathi nokuqina kuya kokuqina.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya zedayimane:
• Ukwakheka okuthambile: izinhlamvu ezimbili nge-carat (gpc) (usayizi wezinhlayiya cishe u-4 mm)
• Ukwakheka okuqinile okumaphakathi: 3-4 gpc (usayizi wezinhlayiya cishe ngu-3.6 mm)
• Ukwakheka okuqinile: 10-15 gpc (usayizi wezinhlayiya cishe ngu-2.0 mm)

2.Amabhithi edayimane afakwe

• Amadayimane afakwa ngaphakathi kwe-matrix (60-400 gpc).
• Ifanele ukwakheka okuqinile nokurhabaxa (isb., i-flint, i-siliceous dolomite).
• Ukuzilola kwedayimane kutholakala ngokugqokwa kwe-matrix.

3.Ama-PDC Bits (Ama-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits)

• Yaqala ukwethulwa yiGeneral Electric (GE) yase-United States ngo-1973.
• Isakhiwo esiqinile: Isendlalelo sedayimane + i-carbide substrate eqinisiwe.
• Ifanele ukwakheka okuthambile kuya kokuphakathi nokuqina okulinganayo.

Umklamo Wesakhiwo kanye Nezimo Eziyinhloko

Ama-diamond bits asebenzisa umklamo ophelele ongenazo izingxenye ezihambayo, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa:

• Umzimba Wensimbi: Wenziwe ngensimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo, enezintambo zokuxhuma engxenyeni engenhla.
• I-Matrix: I-Tungsten carbide powder + i-bonding metal esekelwe ethusi, enezinga lobunzima be-HRC 30-45.
• Izinto Zokusika: Amadayimane emvelo/okwenziwa noma ama-compact e-PDC.
• Isakhiwo se-Hydraulic: Izindlela zamanzi kanye neziteshi zokugeleza (i-radial, i-spiral, njll.).

Amapharamitha Okuklama Okuyinhloko

• Ukuhlushwa kwedayimane: Kulungiswe ngokusekelwe ekuhlushweni kokwakheka; ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kokwakheka okuhlushwa kakhulu.
• Ukuphakama Kokuvela:
• Ukwakheka okuthambile: 1/3 yobukhulu bezinhlayiya
• Ukwakheka okuqinile: 1/6-1/10 yobukhulu bezinhlayiya
• Isimo Sezindebe:
• Iphansi Eliphansi: Lokwakheka okufanayo
• Igobile: Yezakhiwo eziqinile
• I-Serrated: Yokwakheka okukhuhlayo

Indlela Yokuqhekeka Kwamadwala kanye Nempendulo Yokwakheka

Indlela yokuqhekeza amatshe yezinhlamvu zedayimane iyahlukahluka kuye ngezakhiwo zokwakheka:

Ukwakheka Kwepulasitiki (isb., itshe lodaka, i-gypsum): Kufana nenqubo "yokulima"; amadayimane angena ekwakhekeni ukuze abangele ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kwedwala.

Ukwakheka Okubhidlikile (isb., itshe lesihlabathi le-quartz): Kukhiwa imigodi yokuchoboza enevolumu, enobukhulu bokusika obuphindwe kabili kuya kane kunokubonakala kwedayimane, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu.

Amatshe Aqinile (isb., i-flint, idwala le-siliceous): Kusetshenziswa izingcezu ezifakwe emanzini, futhi ukuqhekeka kwamatshe kufezwa ngokusika nokuklwebha okuncane, okufana nokuklwebha amasondo okugaya.

Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nemikhawulo Yama-PDC Bits

Njengomkhiqizo oguqukayo emndenini we-diamond bit, ama-PDC bits anezinzuzo ezihlukile:

Izici Zesakhiwo

Ama-PDC Bits Ane-Steel-Body: Insimbi ehlanganisiwe yekhabhoni ephakathi enokwelashwa kokuqina kwendawo.

Ama-PDC Bits e-Matrix-Body: Umzimba wensimbi ongaphezulu + i-tungsten carbide matrix ephansi, enikeza ukusebenza okungcono.

Umklamo Wephrofayela

I-Parabolic: Ukuze kube nokwakheka okuthambile, okuvumela ukugoba okuphezulu kanye nesivinini sokubhoboza.

Isiyingi: Sokubhoboza itafula elijikelezayo, okwenza kube lula ukungena kwezindawo eziqinile.

I-Conical: Yokubhoboza ngesivinini esikhulu, nokusebenza kahle kokungena.

Imikhawulo Yesicelo

Akufanele ukwakheka kwamatshe kanye nokwakheka okuthambile nokuqina okuhlangene.

Umkhawulo wokumelana nokushisa (ukuguguleka kuyaqina ngaphezu kuka-350℃; ukwehluleka kwamandla kwenzeka ku-700℃).

Ukumelana nokushayisana okubi; ukuqhekeka komphetho kwama-bits amasha kungenzeka.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Lokwakheka Okusebenzayo Kwezingcezu Zedayimane

03 Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Isayensi: Ukwakheka Okufanayo Nezidingo Zokusebenza

Imithetho Yegolide Yokukhetha Ama-Bit E-Roller Cone

Ukuqondanisa Ukuqina Kwesakhiwo

Ukwakheka okuthambile: Khetha izingcezu ezinezakhiwo eziphakeme ze-offset, overhang, kanye ne-double-cone, ezihlonyiswe ngamazinyo amise okwe-wedge noma amise okwesipuni.

Ukwakheka okuqinile: Sebenzisa izakhiwo ezinekhoni elilodwa, ezingashintshi, ezihlonyiswe ngamazinyo ebhola noma amazinyo anebhola eliyindilinga.

Impendulo Yokuhlubuka

Ukuze uthole ukwakheka okurhabaxa, sebenzisa izingcezu zokufaka ezinamazinyo okulinganisa.

Uma amazinyo angaphandle eyisiyingi kuyilapho amazinyo aphakathi engabonisi ukuguguleka okukhulu, ingxenye elandelayo kufanele yakhiwe ngokuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-gage.

Izindlela Zokumelana Nezimo Zokusebenza Ezikhethekile

Ukwakheka okuvame ukuphambuka: Khetha izingcezu zamazinyo amafushane ezingenayo i-offset noma i-offset encane; ukuzivumelanisa nokwakheka kufanele kube mnene kancane kunokwakheka kwangempela.

Ukwakheka okuthambile nokuqina okuhlanganisiwe: Khetha ama-bits ngokusekelwe edwaleni eliqinile, bese ulungisa amapharamitha ngokuguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokubhoboza.

Ukubhoboza ingxenye yomthombo ojulile: Sebenzisa izingcezu ezinezithombe eziningi ukuze ulungise ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi.

Isu Lokukhetha Ama-Diamond Bits

Imibandela Esebenzayo Yama-PDC Bits

Izimo ezinhle kakhulu: Ukwakheka okude okuthambile kuya kokuqinile okulinganayo (isb., i-shale, i-mudstone, i-gypsum).

Izimo ezingavunyelwe: Ukwakheka kwamatshe, imibhede ye-flint interbed, ukwakheka okuthambile nokuqina okuhlanganisiwe.

Ukusetha kwepharamitha: I-WOB ephansi (30-60 kN), i-RPM ephezulu (100-300 rpm), izinga lokugeleza elikhulu.

Izimo Ezisebenzayo Zezingcezu Zedayimane Zemvelo/Ezenziwe

Ukwakheka okunzima kuya kokunzima kakhulu (isb., i-granite, i-quartz sandstone).

Ukwakheka okunamandla kakhulu (isb., i-flint, i-siliceous dolomite).

Ukubhoboza i-turbine, imithombo ejulile/ejulile kakhulu, kanye nemisebenzi yokubopha.

Izidingo Ezikhethekile Zama-Core Bits

Ama-core bits e-roller cone: I-four-roller cone (eyi-conical/cylindrical) noma i-six-roller cone (eyi-cylindrical egcwele).

Ama-bits e-diamond core: Adinga imiphetho yokusika esakazeke ngokulinganayo futhi imelana nokuguguleka njalo.

Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko: Ukuhlangana phakathi kwembobo yangaphakathi nesiyingi sangaphandle ukuze kugwenywe ukujiya kwengaphakathi.

Ukwahlulela Nokuphatha Okungavamile Kwe-Downhole Anomaly

Ukuhlonza Isimo Sokusebenza Se-Roller Cone Bit

Umonakalo Webhereyi: Ukujikijela kwetafula elijikelezayo ngezikhathi ezithile, kuya ngokuya kuba kubi ngaphansi kwe-WOB ephezulu, izinga lokubhoboza elinciphile kodwa umfutho wepompo ojwayelekile.

Ukulahlekelwa yiKhoni: Ukubhoboza okunamandla okunamathela, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwenkomba yesisindo, ushintsho ekujuleni kokuhamba lapho udonsa intambo yokubhoboza.

Ukuguguleka Kwamazinyo: Umthwalo wetafula elijikelezayo onciphile, akukho ukugoba, ukwehla okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokubhoboza.

Ama-Taboo Okusetshenziswa Kwezingcezu Zedayimane

Imbobo engezansi kumele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imbobo engezansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mfucumfucu yensimbi eseleyo.

Qala ukubhoboza nge-WOB encane kanye ne-RPM ephansi ukuze "ungene" (ukulungisa umgodi ongaphansi ongu-0.5 m).

Gwema imisebenzi yokulungisa kabusha; uma kudingeka, sebenzisa i-WOB ephansi kanye ne-RPM ephansi ukuze usebenze ngendlela efanayo.

Xhumana:UJessie Zhou
Iselula/I-WhatsApp:+0086-18109206861
Iwebhu:www.landrilltools.com