Ucwaningo Ngamathuluzi Okukhulisa Isivinini Sokubhoboza

Njengamanje, amathuluzi okwandisa isivinini sokubhoboza ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo lomshini kanye nohlobo lwe-hydraulic. Amathuluzi omshini asebenzisa i-Weight on Bit (WOB) ukukhiqiza amandla okushaya, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokubhoboza amatshe ezimweni eziqinile, kodwa kunezinkinga ezifana nokudlidliza okunamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nomonakalo wokukhathala kalula. Amathuluzi okushaya amanzi asebenzisa uketshezi lokubhoboza ukushayela izando zokushaya, ukuhlanganisa ukushaya, ukujikeleza kanye ne-jet ukubhoboza amatshe. Anezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekwandiseni izinga lokungena (ROP), ukulawula ukuphambuka komthombo kanye nokwandisa impilo yama-bit, kodwa ngokuvamile anezinkinga ezifana nokuvama kokushaya okukodwa kanye nobunzima bokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zezindlela ezahlukene.

Ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ngomthelela buhlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu ngokwendlela yokusebenza: ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ngomthelela, ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ngomthelela kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ngomthelela obuhlanganisiwe be-axial-torsional. Umongo wokubhoboza ngomthelela ukwandisa isivinini ukuguqula amandla okucindezela egesi noma uketshezi abe amandla omshini wokuthinta ngomthelela we-axial noma we-torsional ngokusebenzisa i-impactor, esetshenziswa ngqo ekugcineni kwe-bit, ukuthuthukisa isimo sokusika se-bit nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-bit.

Ubuchwepheshe bokubhoboza ngomthelela we-torsional buwubuchwepheshe obusha obukhulisa isivinini sokubhoboza eminyakeni yamuva nje, obusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxazulula ukudlidliza "okunamathelayo" okukhiqizwa ama-PDC bits. Uma kusetshenziswa, i-torsional impactor ifakwa ekugcineni kwe-bit. Ngokuklanywa kwesakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi, ingaguqula amandla e-hydraulic oketshezi abe amandla omshini we-torsional impact. I-bit iphula idwala ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlangene se-torque eqinile yentambo yokubhoboza kanye ne-torque yomthelela ekhiqizwa yi-impactor.

izibonelo ezilandelayo zethula amathuluzi amabili amasha

1. Ithuluzi Lokubhoboza Elikhulisa Isivinini Esinomfutho Oguquguqukayo

Ithuluzi lokukhulisa isivinini sokubhoboza i-hydraulic elilungiseka imvamisa linesakhiwo esiyinhloko sokushaya esakhiwe ngama-bearings, umzimba womgodi ophansi, ama-piston pairs, isando sokushaya, umlomo we-throttle nezinye izingxenye.

Isimiso Sokusebenza:Isebenzisa umehluko wokucindezela okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile owakhiwe uketshezi lokubhoboza emakamelweni aphezulu nangaphansi e-impact hammer ukuze iqhube i-impact hammer ukuze ibuyisele ngesivinini esikhulu, ikhiqize amandla okushaya axial adluliselwa ngqo ku-bit ukusiza ekuqhekekeni kwedwala. Isihluthulelo ukuthi leli thuluzi lingalungisa imvamisa yokushaya ngokushintsha inani lemigodi elinganayo emzimbeni womgodi ongezansi, ngaleyo ndlela lizivumelanise nezidingo zokubhoboza zezinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwethuluzi Lokukhulisa Isivinini Sokubhoboza Elinomfutho Oguquguqukayo

Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ekubunjweni Okuqinile Okumaphakathi: Ngokusekelwe ku-frequency yomthelela ofanele (16 Hz) ekhethwe ngokulingiswa kwezinombolo, leli thuluzi lahlolwa ku-Well X1 ye-Xinjiang Oilfield. Esigabeni sokwakheka esinobukhali obuqinile kanye ne-Rate of Penetration ephansi (ROP), ukuqhathaniswa nomthombo oseduze kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokubhoboza isikulufa kukhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kokusebenzisa leli thuluzi, i-footage yokugijima okukodwa yanda ngo-53%, i-ROP yemishini yanda ngo-27.0%, okunciphisa ngempumelelo inani lohambo futhi konga isikhathi sokwakha.

Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ekubunjweni Okuqinile: Ngokwemvamisa yomthelela ofanele (18 Hz) ekhethwe ngokulingiswa kwezinombolo, leli thuluzi lahlolwa ekwakhekeni kweCarboniferous Andesite kanye neBasalt ngokubhoboza okungekuhle kuWell X3 yeXinjiang Oilfield.

Isiphetho: Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ngemva kokusebenzisa leli thuluzi, i-ROP yemishini inyuswe kakhulu ngo-103.2% uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo eseduze, okufakazela ngempumelelo ukuthi ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokumba futhi ifinyeze umjikelezo wokumba ngezindlela ezahlukene.

2. Umklamo Wethuluzi Lokubhoboza Elihlanganisa Umthelela Ohlanganisiwe Elikhulisa Isivinini

Kuklanywe indlela yokuthintana nge-hydraulic torsional, engaphakathi layo liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: indlela yokusabalalisa ukugeleza, indlela yokuguqula, kanye nendlela yokuthintana.

Inqubo Yokunyakaza: Ekuqaleni (isimo a), uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu lungena emgodini wesobunxele wesando se-hydraulic ngesiteshi sokugeleza kwesobunxele senhliziyo yevalvu ebuyela emuva, lucindezela isando se-hydraulic kanye nenhliziyo yevalvu ukuze lujikeleze ndawonye kuze kube yilapho isando se-hydraulic sithinta isihlalo sehando se-hydraulic (isimo b). Ngemva kokushaya, uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu bese lungena emgodini wesokudla owakhiwe yihando ye-hydraulic kanye nenhliziyo yevalvu ngesiteshi sokugeleza kokulawula sokunene, lucindezela inhloko yevalvu ukuze iqhubeke nokujikeleza ngokwewashi iye endaweni yokubuyela emuva (isimo c), ukuze uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu lushintshele esiteshini sokugeleza sokunene futhi lungene emgodini wesokudla wesando se-hydraulic, luqhube isando se-hydraulic kanye nenhliziyo yevalvu ukuze lujikeleze ngokwewashi (isimo c). Kuze kube yilapho isando se-hydraulic siphinde sithinte isihlalo sehando se-hydraulic (isimo d), uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu lungena emgodini wesokudla ngesiteshi sokugeleza kokulawula kwesobunxele, lucindezela inhloko yevalvu ukuthi ijikeleze ngokwewashi ukuze ibuyele emuva futhi ibuyele esimweni sokuqala (isimo a). Lokhu kujikeleza, kwakha umthelela we-torsional ophindaphindayo ophindaphindayo ngokubuyela emuva okuqhubekayo kanye nomthelela oqhutshwa uketshezi.

Isimiso Sokusebenza:Ngemva kokuba uketshezi (udaka) lugeleze esikhondweni sokusabalalisa ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa ijoyinti elingaphezulu kanye nepayipi eliqondisayo, lusatshalaliswa kwindlela yokubuyisela emuva kanye nendlela yokushaya, futhi izindlela ezimbili zoketshezi zihlukaniswa yipuleti lokusabalalisa ukugeleza. Ngemva kwalokho, uketshezi ludlula embotsheni ngaphakathi kwe-mandrel, lwakha izindawo zokucindezela eziphezulu neziphansi ngaphambi nangemva kwalo. Ingaphakathi levalvu ebuyisela emuva lijikeleza ngaphansi kokushayela komehluko wokucindezela, lilawula imigodi yesobunxele nesokudla yesando se-hydraulic ukuze ixhumeke ngokushintshana ezindaweni zokucindezela eziphezulu neziphansi, okwenza isando se-hydraulic sibuyele emuva ukuze sithinte isihlalo sesando se-hydraulic ngaphansi kwesenzo somehluko wokucindezela, ngaleyo ndlela sakhe umthelela we-torsional ophindaphindayo ophindaphindayo.

I-Sub Engaphezulu E-1; I-Casing Yangaphandle Emi-2; Ipayipi Eliqondisa Oku-3; Isikhwama Sokusabalalisa Okugeleza Oku-4; Ipuleti Lokusabalalisa Okugeleza Oku-5; I-Bolt Eyi-6; Indandatho Yokusekela Ephezulu Eyi-7; Isihlalo Se-Hammer Ene-Hydraulic Eyi-8; I-Hammer Ene-Hydraulic Eyi-9; I-Valve Ebuyela Emuva Eyi-10; Indandatho Yokusekela Ephansi Eyi-11; I-Mandrel Eyi-12; I-Sub Ephansi Eyi-13;

Umdwebo Wesikimu Wesakhiwo Sendlela Yokubhekana Nezimo Ezishintshayo

Inqubo Yokunyakaza Kwendlela Yokuthinteka Kwe-Torsional

Kuklanywe uhlobo oluthile lwendlela yokuthintana nge-axial. Ama-hydraulic axial impactors ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-valve nohlobo olungena-valve. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sama-impactors ohlobo lwe-valve siyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuthembeka kwawo akukuhle; uhlobo olungena-valve luhlanganisa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-jet nohlobo lwe-jet-suction, phakathi kwalapho uhlobo lwe-jet lunesikhathi esifushane senkonzo. I-jet-suction hydraulic impactor inesakhiwo esilula, ibona umthelela oncike ekufakweni kwe-jet kanye nomphumela we-water hammer oscillation, inezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo zangaphakathi futhi ayinazo izingxenye ezisengozini, futhi ingazivumelanisa kangcono nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-downhole.

Isihlalo Se-Nozzle Engaphezulu E-1; I-Nozzle Engaphezulu E-2; I-Valve Ephezulu E-3; Isikhwama Se-Valve Ephezulu E-4; I-Nozzle Yesibili E-5; I-Casing Yangaphandle Ene-Axial E-6; Isikhwama Sokusekela Esi-7; I-Hammer Ene-Impact E-8; Ikhanda Le-Hammer E-9; Isihlalo Se-Hammer E-10; I-Cap Yokuvikela E-11; Isimiso Sokusebenza Esihlangene Esine-Hexagonal E-12 Se-Axial Impact Mechanism.

Ukwakheka Kokugeleza Kokuqala Nomehluko Wokucindezela: Uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu lwakha ijethi enesivinini esikhulu nge-nozzle engenhla. Ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlangene sokufakwa kwejethi kanye nomphumela wokugoqa, umehluko wokucindezela uyakheka emakamelweni aphezulu nangaphansi evalvu engenhla, kanye naphakathi kwekamelweni eliphezulu elingaphandle lehamile yokushaya kanye nengxenye engezansi yekhanda lehamile.

Ukunyakaza Okuya Phezulu Kwezingxenye Nokuvalwa Kwesiteshi Sokugeleza: Njengoba kuqhutshwa umehluko wazo wokucindezela, ivalvu ephezulu iya phezulu, kanti izingxenye zomthelela (i-nozzle yesibili, isando somthelela, kanye nekhanda lesando) nazo ziya phezulu kuze kube yilapho i-nozzle yesibili ithinta ivalvu ephezulu futhi ivala isiteshi sokugeleza.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwesando Samanzi Nokunyakaza Okuya Phansi Kwamalunga: Ukuvalwa okusheshayo komsele wokugeleza kubangela ukunyakaza kwesando samanzi, futhi ingcindezi ekamelweni ikhuphuka kakhulu, isunduza ivalvu engenhla kanye nezingxenye zomthelela ukuze kusheshiswe phansi ndawonye.

Ukuvuselelwa Komthelela Ongenawo Amandla Nomjikelezo: Ngemva kokuba ivalvu ephezulu isuke iye endaweni ephansi yomkhawulo, izingxenye zomthelela ziyaqhubeka nokwehla ngaphansi kwe-inertia, bese ekugcineni zishaya isihlalo sesando ukuze kuqedwe umthelela we-axial. Ngemva komthelela, isiteshi sokugeleza sibuyela esimweni esibushelelezi, futhi indlela iqala kabusha ngaphansi kwesenzo se-Weight on Bit (WOB), kuqala umjikelezo olandelayo.

Xhumana:UJessie Zhou

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