Amathuluzi ayishumi aphezulu okuqeda kahle

Izinhlobo zamathuluzi e-downhole avame ukusetshenziswa ekuqedeni inkundla kawoyela engasogwini kanye nezintambo zokukhiqiza zifaka: I-Packer, i-SSSV, i-Sliding Sleev , (I-Nipple), i-Side Pocket Mandrel, i-Seating Nipple, i-Flow Coupling, i-Blast joint, i-Test Valve, i-Drain Valve, i-Mandrel, i-Plug , njll.

1.Amapaki

I-packer ingelinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu we-downhole ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza, futhi imisebenzi yalo eyinhloko imi kanje:

Hlukanisa izendlalelo zokukhiqiza ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana nokuphazamiseka koketshezi nokucindezela phakathi kwezingqimba;

Ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi olubulalayo kanye noketshezi lokukhiqiza;

Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza uwoyela (igesi) kanye nokusebenza kokusebenza;

Gcina uketshezi lwepaki ku-annulus ye-casing ukuze uvikele i-casing futhi uqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuphephile.

Abapakishi abasetshenziswa ekuqedeni insimu kawoyela wasogwini (igesi) bangahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ezibuyiswayo nezihlala njalo, futhi ngokwendlela yokubeka, zingahlukaniswa zibe ukusethwa kwe-hydraulic, ukusetha komshini kanye nokusetha ikhebula. Amapaki angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo eziningi, futhi ukukhetha okufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zokukhiqiza. Izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zepaki iziliphu kanye nerabha, kanti abanye abapakishi abanazo iziliphu (amapaki emithombo evulekile). Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamapaki, umsebenzi oyinhloko owukusekela phakathi kweziliphu kanye ne-casing kanye nokuvala phakathi kwama-slip kanye ne-casing yokuvala indawo ethile.

2.I-valve yokuphepha ye-downhole

I-valve yokuphepha kwe-downhole iyithuluzi lokulawula ukugeleza okungavamile koketshezi emthonjeni, njengomlilo endaweni yokukhiqiza uwoyela ogwini lolwandle, ukugqabuka kwepayipi, ukuqhuma, okungalawuleki umthombo kawoyela obangelwe ukuzamazama komhlaba, njll., ukuze i-valve yokuphepha ye-downhole ingavalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqaphele ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi emthonjeni.

1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-valve okuphepha:

• I-valve yokuphepha ebuyiseleka ngentambo yensimbi
• I-valve yokuphepha ephathekayo yepayipi likawoyela
• I-valve yokuphepha ye-casing annulus Ivalvu yokuphepha esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-valve yokuphepha ephathekayo eneshubhu

2) Isimiso sesenzo

Ecindezelwa phansi, uwoyela we-hydraulic udluliselwa embotsheni yokudlulisa ukucindezela ku-piston ngepayipi lokulawula umfutho we-hydraulic, ephushela ipiston phansi futhi ecindezela isiphethu, bese kuvulwa i-valve ye-flap. Uma ingcindezi yokulawula i-hydraulic igcinwa, i-valve yokuphepha isesimweni esivulekile; ukukhululwa Ingcindezi yolayini wokulawula osebenza ngogesi iphushelwa phezulu ukushuba kwe-spring ukuze i-piston ikhuphukele phezulu, kanti ipuleti levalvu lisesimweni sokuvaleka.

3.Umkhono oshelelayo

1) Umkhono oslayidayo ungavala noma uxhume ukuxhumana phakathi kwentambo yokukhiqiza kanye nesikhala se-annular ngokusebenzisa ukubambisana phakathi kwemikhono yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko imi kanje:

• Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngemuva kokuqedwa komthombo;
• Ukubulala ukujikeleza;
• Ukuphakamisa igesi
• Iphampu ye-jet ehlezi
• Imithombo enezingqimba eziningi ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okuhlukene, ukuhlola okunezingqimba, umjovo ogqinsiwe, njll.;
• Izimayini ezixutshwe ngezingqimba eziningi;
• Gijimisa ipulaki emthonjeni ukuze uvale umthombo noma ukuhlola ingcindezi yeshubhu;
• I-anticorrosion yamakhemikhali ejikelezayo, njll.

2) Isimiso sokusebenza

Umkhono oslayidayo uvala noma uxhuma umhubhe phakathi kwepayipi likawoyela nesikhala se-annular ngokuhambisa umkhono ongaphakathi. Uma umzila womkhono ongaphakathi ubheke ephaseji lomkhono oslayidayo, indlela yesilayidi isesimweni esivulekile. Lapho lezi ezimbili zinyakaziswa, umkhono oshelelayo uvaliwe. Kukhona isilinda esisebenzayo engxenyeni engenhla yomkhono oslayidayo, esetshenziselwa ukulungisa idivayisi yokulawula ukugeleza kwe-downhole ehlobene nomkhono wokuslayida. Kukhona indawo yokugcina yokuvala ezinhlangothini ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zomkhono ongaphakathi, ongasebenzisana nokuvala ukupakishwa kwedivayisi ye-downhole ukuze ivalwe. Xhuma ithuluzi lokushintshwa kwemikhono eslayidayo ngaphansi kweyunithi yezinhlamvu yethuluzi eliyisisekelo, futhi wenze ukusebenza kwentambo yensimbi. Umkhono oslayidayo ungavulwa futhi ucishwe. Ezinye zazo zidinga ukuthuka zibheke phansi ukuze zihambise umkhono phansi ukuze uvule umkhono oslayidayo, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga ukushaqeka phezulu ukuze zenze ingaphakathi Umkhono uye phezulu ukuze uvule umkhono oshelelayo.

4.Ingono

1) Ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-Nipple esebenzayo

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezingono:

(1) Ngokwendlela yokumisa: kunezinhlobo ezintathu: i-selictivity, i-Top NO-GO kanye ne-Bottom NO-GO, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMifanekiso a, b, kanye no-c.

Ezinye mandrels ungaba kokubili uhlobo ozikhethela futhi top stop (njengoba kuboniswe Figure b). Okubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lokuzikhethela kusho ukuthi ububanzi obungaphakathi be-mandrel alinayo ingxenye yokunciphisa ububanzi, futhi ubukhulu obufanayo bethuluzi lokuhlala lingadlula kulo, ngakho-ke ama-mandrel amaningi anobukhulu obufanayo angehliswa ochungechungeni lwepayipi olufanayo, futhi isitobhi esiphezulu sisho ukuthi ububanzi bangaphakathi be-mandrel evalwe uphawu Phezulu kwesitobha esinesinyathelo esinyakazayo engxenyeni encishisiwe yobubanzi senza phezulu, kuyilapho ingxenye yobubanzi obuncishisiwe yesivalo esiphansi iphansi, ingxenye yokuvala ipulaki ayikwazi ukudlula, futhi isivalo esingezansi ngokuvamile sifakwe ngaphansi kwentambo yepayipi efanayo. Njengesiphanyeko sensimbi nokuvimbela izintambo zethuluzi lezintambo ukuthi zingaweli phansi komthombo.

(2) Ngokuhambisana nokucindezela kokusebenza: kukhona ukucindezela okuvamile nokucindezela okuphezulu, okokuqala kusetshenziselwa imithombo evamile, kanti le yokugcina isetshenziselwa umfutho ophezulu wamafutha kanye nemithombo yegesi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezingono:

• Hlala ku-jammer.
• Hlala ngaphansi ukuze ulawule ngokuzenzakalelayo i-valve yokuphepha.
• Hlala ku-valve yokuhlola.

Gijimani ngethuluzi lokusiza (umbhobho wokuminyanisa) ukuze unciphise ukucindezela kwekhanda lemithombo.

• Sebenzisana Nengono Epholishiwe , faka umkhono wokuhlukanisa noma ilunga lengane, lungisa ipayipi likawoyela elilimele noma ipayipi elijiyile eduze kongqimba lukawoyela.
• Hlala futhi ulengise izinsimbi zokulinganisa ze-downhole.
• Ingavimbela intambo yamathuluzi ukuthi ingaweli phansi komthombo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kocingo.

5. Side Pocket Mandrel

1) Isakhiwo esisebenzayo

I-Side Pocket Mandrel ingenye yamathuluzi abalulekile omgodi wokuqeda kahle. Ihlanganiswe namavalvu okuphakamisa igesi ahlukahlukene ukuze kuqhamuke izindlela ezihlukene zokuphakamisa igesi, ukusebenzisa imibhobho yamanzi enosayizi abahlukene, nokubona umjovo ogqinsiwe. Isakhiwo sawo siboniswa emfanekisweni, siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili, ipayipi lesisekelo kanye nesilinda eccentric, ubukhulu bepayipi lesisekelo bufana nepayipi likawoyela, ingxenye engaphezulu inomkhono wokumisa, kanti isilinda eccentric has. ikhanda lokuhlonza ithuluzi, i-groove yokukhiya, isilinda sokuvala kanye nembobo yokuxhumana yangaphandle.

2) Izici ze-Side Pocket Mandrel:

Ukuma: Yenza zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi e-downhole agxile futhi aqondise ngokunembile emgqonyeni we-eccentric.

Ukuqaphela: Amathuluzi e-Downhole osayizi olungile asetshenziswa ngokufihlekile emgqonyeni we-eccentric, kuyilapho amanye amathuluzi osayizi omkhulu edlula epayipini lesisekelo.

Ukucindezela kokuhlola okukhulu kuvunyelwe.

2) Umsebenzi weSide Pocket Mandrel: ukuphakamisa igesi, umjovo we-ejenti yamakhemikhali, umjovo wamanzi, ukubulawa kokujikeleza, njll.

6. Ipulaki

Uma ingekho i-valve yokuphepha ye-downhole noma i-valve yokuphepha ihluleka, intambo yensimbi iyasebenza, futhi ipulaki yobukhulu obuhambisanayo yehliselwa kusilinda esisebenzayo ukuze kuvalwe umthombo. Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yamashubhu kanye nokusethwa kwamapaki amanzi ngesikhathi sokuphothula kahle noma ukusebenza komsebenzi.

7. I-valve yokuphakamisa igesi

I-valve yokuphakamisa igesi yehliselwa kusilinda esisebenza nge-eccentric, esikwazi ukubona izindlela ezihlukene zokukhiqiza igesi, njengokuphakanyiswa kwegesi okuqhubekayo noma ukuphakanyiswa kwegesi okuhamba kancane.

8.I-Flow coping

I-flow couping empeleni iyipayipi elijiyile, ububanzi balo bangaphakathi bufana nepayipi likawoyela, kodwa ububanzi bangaphandle bukhulu kancane, futhi ngokuvamile busetshenziselwa iziphetho ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zevalve yokuphepha. Ngemithombo kawoyela negesi enesivuno esiphezulu, imithombo kawoyela enomphumela ovamile ingakhetha ukusebenzisa noma cha. Uma igesi kawoyela ekhiqiza kakhulu igeleza kuvalvu yokuphepha, izobangela ukugobhoza ngenxa yokunciphisa ububanzi, okuholela ekugugulekeni kwamanje kwe-eddy kanye nokuguga ezindaweni zayo ezingenhla nezingezansi.

9.I-valve yokukhipha amafutha

I-valve yokukhipha uwoyela ngokuvamile ifakwa kumapayipi kawoyela angu-1-2 ngaphezu kwevalve yokuhlola. Kuyimbobo yokukhipha uketshezi epayipini likawoyela lapho umsebenzi wokuhlola iphampu uphakanyiselwa phezulu, ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo womshini wokusebenza futhi kuvinjwe uketshezi lomthombo ekungcoliseni indawo yesikhulumi nendawo ezungezile. Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu okudonsa uwoyela: umsele wokujikijela izinduku kanye ne-hydraulic drain edonsa ibhola. Eyokuqala ifaneleka kakhulu kumafutha amancane kanye nemithombo yamafutha esindayo ngokunqunywa kwamanzi aphezulu; lesi sakamuva sisetshenziselwa imithombo yamafutha esindayo ngokunqunywa kwamanzi aphansi futhi inezinga eliphezulu lokuphumelela.

10.I-Pipe Scraper

I-1) Injongo: Isetshenziselwa ukususa ibhulokhi likasimende, i-cement sheath, i-wax eqinile, amakristalu kasawoti ahlukahlukene noma amadiphozithi, ama-perforation burrs kanye ne-iron oxide nokunye ukungcola okusele odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-casing, kanye nokufinyelela Okungavinjelwanga kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene we-downhole. Ikakhulukazi lapho isikhala se-annular phakathi kwethuluzi le-downhole kanye nobubanzi bangaphakathi be-casing buncane, isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwakha kufanele senziwe ngemuva kokukhuhla okwanele.

I-2) Isakhiwo: Yakhiwe ngomzimba, ipuleti lommese, ibhulokhi engashintshi, i-pressing block nezinye izingxenye.

I-3) Isimiso sokusebenza: ngaphambi kokungena emthonjeni, ubukhulu bokufaka ubukhulu besiqephu esikhulu se-scraper bukhulu kunobubanzi obungaphakathi be-casing. Ngemva kokungena emthonjeni, i-blade iphoqeleka ukuthi icindezele phansi entwasahlobo, futhi intwasahlobo inikeza amandla okuphakelayo kwe-radial. Lapho ukhuhla izinto eziqinile, kuthatha imihuzuko eminingana ukuklwebha kububanzi obungaphakathi be-casing. I-scraper ixhunywe ekugcineni okungezansi kwentambo yepayipi le-downhole, futhi ukunyakaza okuya phezulu naphansi kwentambo yepayipi kungukuphakela kwe-axial ngesikhathi senqubo yokulenga phansi.

Kungabonakala ngesakhiwo se-blade ukuthi i-spiral blade ngayinye inemiphetho emibili yokusika emise okwe-arc ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Umphumela wokugaya. Ama-blade amise okwe-strip asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ebusweni be-scraper ngokuya ngomugqa we-helical wesobunxele, okuzuzisa odakeni olubuyayo olungaphezulu ukuze kukhishwe imfucumfucu eklwetshiwe.