Amathuluzi ayishumi aphezulu okuqeda imithombo

Izinhlobo zamathuluzi okudonsa phansi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zokuqeda uwoyela olwandle kanye nokukhiqiza zihlanganisa: I-Packer, i-SSSV, i-Sliding Sleev, (i-Nipple), i-Side Pocket Mandrel, i-Seating Nipple, i-Flow Coupling, i-Blast joint, i-Test Valve, i-Drain Valve, i-Mandrel, i-Plug, njll.

1. Abapaki

I-packer ingenye yamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu okudonsa phansi entanjeni yokukhiqiza, futhi imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko yilena elandelayo:

Hlukanisa izendlalelo zokukhiqiza ukuze uvimbele ukuhlangana kanye nokuphazamiseka koketshezi kanye nengcindezi phakathi kwezingqimba;

Ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi olubulalayo kanye noketshezi lokukhiqiza;

Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokukhiqizwa kukawoyela (igesi) kanye nokusebenza kabusha;

Gcina uketshezi lwe-packer ku-casing annulus ukuze uvikele i-casing futhi uqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuphephile.

Ama-packer asetshenziswa ekuqedeni insimu kawoyela (igesi) ogwini lolwandle angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: angatholakala futhi ahlala njalo, futhi ngokwendlela yokusetha, angahlukaniswa ngokusetha kwe-hydraulic, ukusetha kwemishini kanye nokusetha ikhebula. Ama-packer angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukukhetha okunengqondo ngokwezidingo zangempela zokukhiqiza. Izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokupakisha ama-slip kanye nerabha, kanti amanye ama-packer awanawo ama-slip (ama-packer emithombo evulekile). Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-packer, umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusekela phakathi kwama-slip kanye ne-casing kanye nokuvala phakathi kwama-slip kanye ne-casing ukuze kuvalwe indawo ethile.

2. I-valve yokuphepha ye-Downhole

Ivalvu yokuphepha yembobo ephansi iyithuluzi lokulawula ukugeleza okungavamile koketshezi emthonjeni, njengomlilo epulatifomu yokukhiqiza uwoyela ogwini lolwandle, ukuqhekeka kwepayipi, ukuqhuma, ukuphuma komthombo wamafutha okulawulwa okubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba, njll., ukuze ivalvu yokuphepha yembobo ephansi ivalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kufezwe ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi emthonjeni.

1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-valve okuphepha:

• I-valve yokuphepha etholakala ngentambo yensimbi
• I-valve yokuphepha ephathekayo yepayipi kawoyela
• Ivalvu yokuphepha ye-annulus yekheyisi Ivalvu yokuphepha esetshenziswa kakhulu yivalvu yokuphepha ephathekayo yepayipi

2) Isimiso sesenzo

Uma icindezelwe emhlabathini, uwoyela we-hydraulic udluliselwa emgodini wokudlulisa ingcindezi uye episton ngepayipi lokulawula i-hydraulic, ucindezela i-piston phansi bese ucindezela intwasahlobo, bese i-flap valve ivulwa. Uma ingcindezi yokulawula i-hydraulic igcinwa, i-valve yokuphepha isesimweni esivulekile; ukukhululwa Ingcindezi yomugqa wokulawula i-hydraulic icindezelwa phezulu yi-spring tension ukuze ihambise i-piston phezulu, futhi i-valve plate isesimweni esivaliwe.

3. Isikhwama esishelelayo

1) Isikhwama esishelelayo singavala noma sixhumanise ukuxhumana phakathi kwentambo yokukhiqiza kanye nesikhala esizungezile ngokubambisana phakathi kwesikhwama sangaphakathi nesangaphandle. Imisebenzi yaso eyinhloko yile elandelayo:

• Ukuqhuma komthombo ngemva kokuqedwa komthombo;
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi kuyabulala;
• Ukuphakamisa igesi
• Iphampu yejethi yokuhlala
• Imithombo enezingqimba eziningi ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okuhlukile, ukuhlolwa okunezingqimba, ukujova okunezingqimba, njll.;
• Ukumbiwa okuxubile okunezingqimba eziningi;
• Faka ipulaki emthonjeni ukuze uvale umthombo noma uhlole ukucindezela kwepayipi;
• I-agent yamakhemikhali ejikelezayo yokulwa nokugqwala, njll.

2) Isimiso sokusebenza

Isikhafu esishelelayo sivala noma sixhumanisa indlela ephakathi kwepayipi likawoyela kanye nesikhala se-annular ngokuhambisa isikhafu sangaphakathi. Lapho isiteshi sesikhafu sangaphakathi sibhekene nendlela yomzimba wesikhafu esishelelayo, indlela yesilayidi isesimweni esivulekile. Uma lezi zibili zishelela, isikhafu esishelelayo sivaliwe. Kukhona isilinda esisebenzayo engxenyeni engenhla yesikhafu esishelelayo, esetshenziselwa ukulungisa idivayisi yokulawula ukugeleza kwembobo ephansi ehlobene nesikhafu esishelelayo. Kukhona indawo yokugcina yokuvala ezinhlangothini eziphezulu nezingezansi zesikhafu sangaphakathi, engasebenzisana nokupakisha kokuvala kwedivayisi yembobo ephansi ukuze kuvalwe. Xhuma ithuluzi lokushintsha isikhafu esishelelayo ngaphansi kwentambo yamathuluzi eyisisekelo, bese wenza umsebenzi wensimbi. Isikhafu esishelelayo singavulwa futhi sivalwe. Ezinye zazo zidinga ukushaqeka phansi ukuze zihambise isikhafu phansi ukuze zivule isikhafu esishelelayo, kanti ezinye zidinga ukushaqeka phezulu ukuze zenze ingaphakathi Isikhafu sikhuphukele phezulu ukuze sivule isikhafu esishelelayo.

4. Ingono

1) Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Nipple esebenzayo

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingono:

(1) Ngokwendlela yokubeka: kunezinhlobo ezintathu: i-selective, i-Top NO-GO kanye ne-Bottom NO-GO, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figures a, b, kanye no-c.

Amanye ama-mandrel angaba nohlobo olukhethwayo kanye nolokuma okuphezulu (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso b). Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi olukhethwayo lusho ukuthi ububanzi bangaphakathi be-mandrel abunawo ingxenye yokunciphisa ububanzi, futhi ubukhulu obufanayo bethuluzi lokuhlala bungadlula kulo, ngakho ama-mandrel amaningi anobukhulu obufanayo angancishiswa abe yintambo yepayipi efanayo, kanti ukuma okuphezulu kusho ukuthi ububanzi bangaphakathi be-mandrel evaliwe buyi. Ingxenye yesitophu enesinyathelo esihambayo engxenyeni yobubanzi obuncishisiwe isebenza phezulu, kuyilapho ingxenye yobubanzi obuncishisiwe yesitophu esingezansi ingaphansi, ingxenye yokuvala yepulaki ayikwazi ukudlula, futhi isitophu esingezansi ngokuvamile sifakwe phansi kwentambo yepayipi efanayo. Njengesixhasi sezinsimbi kanye nokuvimbela izintambo zamathuluzi ensimbi ukuthi zingaweli phansi komthombo.

(2) Ngokusho komfutho osebenzayo: kukhona umfutho ojwayelekile kanye nomfutho ophezulu, owokuqala usetshenziselwa imithombo evamile, kanti owokugcina usetshenziselwa imithombo kawoyela negesi enomfutho ophezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingono:

• Hlala phansi endaweni yokujaha.
• Hlala phansi ukuze ulawule ngokuzenzakalelayo ivalvu yokuphepha.
• Hlala ku-valve yokuhlola.

Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokusiza (i-choke nozzle) ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka kwekhanda lomthombo.

• Sebenzisana ne-Polished Nipple, faka i-separation sleeve noma i-puppy joint, lungisa ipayipi likawoyela elonakele noma ipayipi elijiyile eduze kwengqimba kawoyela.
• Hlala phansi ulengise izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezingaphansi.
• Kungavimbela intambo yamathuluzi ukuthi iwele phansi komthombo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwentambo.

5. I-Mandrel Ephaketheni Eliseceleni

1) Isakhiwo esisebenzayo

I-Side Pocket Mandrel ingenye yamathuluzi abalulekile okufaka umgodi phansi ukuze kuqedwe umthombo. Ihlanganiswe nama-valve ahlukahlukene okuphakamisa igesi ukuze kufezwe izindlela ezahlukene zokuphakamisa igesi, kusetshenziswe ama-nozzle amanzi anobukhulu obuhlukene, futhi kufakwe umjovo ongqimba. Isakhiwo sayo siboniswe esithombeni, sinezingxenye ezimbili, ipayipi eliyisisekelo kanye nesilinda elingavamile, ubukhulu bepayipi eliyisisekelo bufana nobepayipi likawoyela, ingxenye engenhla inesikhindi sokubeka, kanti isilinda elingavamile linekhanda lokuhlonza ithuluzi, umsele okhiyayo, isilinda sokuvala kanye nomgodi wokuxhumana wangaphandle.

2) Izici ze-Side Pocket Mandrel:

Ukubeka: Yenza zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi okudonsa phansi abe angavamile futhi aqonde ngokunembile emgqonyeni ongavamile.

Ukuqashelwa: Amathuluzi omgodi ophansi anobukhulu obufanele aqhutshwa ngendlela engavamile emgqonyeni ongavamile, kuyilapho amanye amathuluzi amakhulu edlula epayipini eliyisisekelo.

Ingcindezi enkulu yokuhlola ivunyelwe.

2) Umsebenzi we-Side Pocket Mandrel: ukukhushulwa kwegesi, ukujova ngamakhemikhali, ukujova ngamanzi, ukubulala ukujikeleza kwegazi, njll.

6. Ipulaki

Uma kungekho valve yokuphepha engaphansi noma ivalvu yokuphepha ihluleka, ucingo lwensimbi luyasebenza, bese ipulaki enobukhulu obufanayo yehliswa kwisilinda yokusebenza ukuze ivale umthombo. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwamapayipi kanye nokusetha ama-hydraulic packers ngesikhathi sokuqedwa komthombo noma ukusebenza kwawo.

7. I-valve yokuphakamisa igesi

I-valve yokuphakamisa igesi yehliselwa kwisilinda esisebenzayo esingavamile, esingafeza izindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza ukuphakamisa igesi, njengokuphakamisa igesi okuqhubekayo noma ukuphakamisa igesi ngezikhathi ezithile.

8. Ukugeleza kwe-couping

I-flow couping empeleni iyipayipi elijiyile, elinobubanzi balo bangaphakathi obufana nobombhobho kawoyela, kodwa ububanzi bangaphandle bukhulu kancane, futhi ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa iziphetho eziphezulu nezingezansi zevalvu yokuphepha. Emithonjeni kawoyela negesi ekhiqiza kakhulu, imithombo kawoyela enomkhiqizo ojwayelekile ingakhetha ukuyisebenzisa noma cha. Lapho igesi kawoyela ekhiqiza kakhulu igeleza ngevalvu yokuphepha, izobangela ukugoba ngenxa yokunciphisa ububanzi, okuholela ekugugulekeni komsinga we-eddy kanye nokuguguleka emaphethelweni ayo aphezulu naphansi.

9. Ivalvu yokukhipha uwoyela

Ivalvu yokukhipha uwoyela ngokuvamile ifakwe emapayipini kawoyela angu-1-2 ngaphezu kwevalvu yokuhlola. Iyisango lokukhipha uketshezi olusepayipini likawoyela lapho umsebenzi wokuhlola iphampu uphakanyiswa, ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo we-workover rig futhi kuvinjelwe uketshezi lomthombo ukuthi lungangcolisi idekhi yesikhulumi kanye nemvelo. Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu okukhipha uwoyela: idreyini yokuphonsa induku kanye nedreyini ye-hydraulic ephonsa ibhola. Eyokuqala ifaneleka kakhulu emithonjeni kawoyela emincane kanye nemithombo kawoyela esindayo enamanzi amaningi; eyesibili isetshenziselwa imithombo kawoyela esindayo enamanzi amancane futhi inezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo.

10. Isikrufu sepayipi

1) Inhloso: Isetshenziselwa ukususa ibhlogo lesimende, isheya lesimende, i-wax eqinile, amakristalu kasawoti ahlukahlukene noma amadiphozithi, ama-perforation burrs kanye ne-iron oxide kanye nokunye ukungcola okusele odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesivalo, kanye nokufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene esivalo. Ikakhulukazi uma isikhala esiphakathi kwethuluzi lesivalo kanye nobubanzi bangaphakathi besivalo sincane, isinyathelo esilandelayo sokwakha kufanele senziwe ngemuva kokuklwebha okwanele.

2) Isakhiwo: Sakhiwe ngomzimba, ipuleti lommese, ibhulokhi eliqinile, ibhulokhi yokucindezela nezinye izingxenye.

3) Isimiso sokusebenza: ngaphambi kokungena emthonjeni, usayizi omkhulu wokufakwa kwengxenye enkulu yesikrwela mkhulu kunobubanzi bangaphakathi besikrwela. Ngemva kokungena emthonjeni, i-blade iphoqeleka ukucindezela phansi isiphethu, futhi isiphethu sinikeza amandla okuphakelayo aqondile. Lapho kukrwela izinto eziqinile, kuthatha ukukrwela okuningana ukuze kukrwele ububanzi bangaphakathi besikrwela. Isikrwela sixhunywe ekugcineni okungezansi kwentambo yepayipi elingaphansi, futhi ukunyakaza okuphezulu nokuphansi kwentambo yepayipi kuyi-axial feed ngesikhathi senqubo yokulengisa phansi.

Kungabonakala esakhiweni se-blade ukuthi i-spiral blade ngayinye inezinhlangothi ezimbili zokusika ezimise okwe-arc ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Umphumela wokugaya. Ama-strip-shaped blades asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ebusweni be-scraper ngokwemigqa ye-helical yesobunxele, okuzuzisa udaka oluphezulu olubuyayo ukuze kususwe udoti okhuhliwe.