Inqubo Yokufaka Imishini Ye-Wellhead kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha

Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukusebenza Kwevalvu Yekhanda

Kumelwe kuqashelwe lapho kuvulwa noma kuvalwaivalvuEzinye izinhlobo zamavalvu zifakwe iphini lokucheba phakathi kwesibambo nesiqu sevalvu; uma kusetshenziswa amandla amaningi, iphini lokucheba lizophuka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze livikele izingxenye zangaphakathi zevalvu.

Ivalvu eyinhloko akufanele isetshenziselwe ukuvala imisebenzi emthonjeni wamafutha ogelezayo, ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Amavalvu okusula noma afana namaphiko avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinjalo.

Emthonjeni wamafutha ogelezayo, isikhathi ngasinye lapho isango levalvu livaliwe, ukwanda kwejubane loketshezi lomthombo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala kungabangela ukuguguleka kwendawo yokuvala.

Ukufaka isihlalo kanye nesango levalvu (ngaphandle kwevalvu eyinhloko esihlahleni se-wellhead) kulula futhi kuphephile kunokufaka ivalvu eyinhloko esikhundleni sayo.

Isikhathi ngasinye lapho ivalvu ivaliwe, inani lokujika kokusebenzisa ivalvu kumele libalwe ngokucacile. Lesi yisilinganiso sokuhlola esidingekayo ukuvimbela amathuluzi noma izintambo ukuthi zingabambeki lapho intambo yamathuluzi noma ikhebula lingangena ngokuphelele ku-lubricator.

Isiphanyeko Sepayipi

I-tubing hanger iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukusekela i-tubing yokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwekhanda le-tubing. I-sealing assembly emzimbeni oyinhloko we-tubing hanger yakha uphawu lwe-hydraulic phakathi kwe-tubing hanger nomzimba oyinhloko wekhanda le-tubing. Ezimweni eziningi, i-tubing hanger yakhelwe ngentamo ende, evala phansi kwe-adapter flange ukuze ihlukanise uketshezi lomthombo kusuka ku-annulus yekhanda le-tubing ngesithiyo esivaliwe.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-tubing hanger sinikeza indlela yokufaka i-tubing backpressure valve (BPV). Umzimba oyinhloko we-tubing hanger ufakwe isikhombimsebenzisi sokuxhuma umugqa omncane wokulawula, oxhunywe kwi-downhole ball valve. Ukuxhumeka okunezintambo phezulu nangaphansi kwe-tubing hanger kufana nosayizi we-tubing string elengayo. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke senkonzo ye-wellhead, i-tubing hanger yiyona evame ukuhlukaniswa futhi ishintshwe.

Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi

Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi (isihlahla se-wellhead) siyithuluzi elakhiwe uchungechunge lwama-valve kanye nokufakwa. Sisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi lwemithombo futhi sinikeze ukufinyelela kuntambo yepayipi noma ipayipi lokukhiqiza. I-adapter flange itholakala phansi kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi futhi ixhuma ku-flange phezulu kwekhanda lepayipi; ubukhulu bayo kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela kufana nokwe-flange yekhanda lepayipi.

Iphrofayili yangaphakathi yale flange ye-adaptha ingamukela intamo ende ye-hanger yepayipi, kanti amanye ama-flange e-adaptha aklanyelwe nawo afaka uphawu lwesibili. Uchungechunge lokuxhumeka kwama-port okuhlola kanye nama-vent port asatshalaliswa nxazonke kwe-flange engezansi. Lawa ma-interface asetshenziselwa ukwenza kusebenze i-packer yesibili futhi enze ukuhlolwa kokuxhumeka kwe-annular phakathi kwama-flange amabili okuhlangana, uphawu lwe-annular oluphansi, kanye ne-packer yesibili. Ukuze kufaniswe uxhumano olusentanyeni ye-hanger yepayipi, kusetshenziswa uxhumano olwengeziwe lokudlulisela uketshezi lomugqa wokulawula ku-valve yokuphepha ye-downhole. Uxhumano oluphezulu lusetshenziselwa i-valve yokuqala ye-Christmas Tree. Ekucushweni kwesihlahla sohlobo lwe-bolt, i-adapter flange ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-valve ye-Christmas Tree futhi ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yeyunithi ye-Christmas Tree.

Esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi esijwayelekile, i-adapter flange izokwakha i-flange engezansi yeSihlahle sikaKhisimusi.

Imishini ye-Wellhead iyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemithombo kawoyela negesi, okuhlobene nokuphepha kokusebenza kwemigodi engaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuqhubeka kokukhiqiza. Ukufakwa kwemishini ye-wellhead kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezijwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yayo nokuvimbela izingozi ezinkulu njengokuvuza kukawoyela negesi kanye nokuqhuma. Lesi sihloko sizochaza izinqubo, izinyathelo ezithile kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha zokufakwa kwemishini ye-wellhead, futhi sihlanganise ulwazi olusebenzayo lokusebenza ukuze kuxoxwe ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, okuthembekile nokwesikhathi eside kwemishini ye-wellhead.

Isifinyezo Sokwakheka Okuyisisekelo kanye Nomsebenzi Wemishini Yezinsika Zomthombo Wezinsiza

1. Ukwakheka Okuyisisekelo Kwemishini Ye-WellheadImishini ye-Wellhead inamadivayisi amaningi, ikakhulukazi afaka phakathi izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• I-Wellhead flange: Idivayisi yokushintsha esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ikhanda le-casing kanye ne-derrick.
• Ikhanda lekhesi: Lithwala isisindo sezikhala ezingaphansi futhi linikeza ukwesekwa kwemisebenzi elandelayo yezintambo. Ikhanda lekhesi lifaka i-flange eyisisekelo kanye ne-hanger esekela izikhala.
• Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi: Ingxenye eyinhloko yemishini ye-wellhead, elawula izinga lokugeleza kukawoyela negesi kanye nomfutho we-wellhead, okuhlanganisa amasango, ama-valve okugoba, ama-pressure gauge, njll.
• Ivalvu yesango: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwekhanda lomthombo, ukuvimbela ukuqhuma noma ukuvuza kukawoyela negesi.
• I-valve yokugoba: Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izinga lokugeleza kukawoyela negesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuphepha kokukhiqiza.
• Isivikelo Sokuqhuma (i-BOP): Sisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yokulawula imithombo ezimweni eziphuthumayo ukuvimbela izingozi zokuqhuma.

2. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Yemishini Yezinhloko Zezinsika Imisebenzi eyinhloko yemishini yezinhloko zezinsika ihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

• Xhuma izimbobo zomgodi ongaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinsiza zomphezulu: Imishini ye-wellhead ixhuma izimbobo futhi inikeza ukwesekwa okuzinzile kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, ngenkathi futhi ihlinzeka ngendawo yokufinyelela imishini yokusebenza kwembobo ongaphansi komhlaba.
• Lawula ukucindezela kwekhanda lomthombo: Lungisa ukucindezela kwekhanda lomthombo ngamadivayisi anjengezivali zesango kanye nama-gauge okucindezela ukuvimbela ukuvuza kukawoyela negesi.
• Qinisekisa ukuphepha kokulawula umthombo: Ngokufaka amadivayisi anjenge-BOP, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo eziphuthumayo ezifana nokuqhuma kungaphendulwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemigodi engaphansi komhlaba.
• Lungisa futhi ulawule izinga lokugeleza kukawoyela negesi: I-valve yokugoba emishinini ephethe umthombo ingalawula ngokunembile izinga lokugeleza kukawoyela negesi, iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okuphephile kwamasimu kawoyela negesi.

II. Inqubo Yokufaka Imishini Yekhanda LomhlabathiUkufakwa kwemishini yekhanda lomhlabathi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela izinyathelo eziningi, futhi isinyathelo ngasinye kumele senziwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokufaka imishini yekhanda lomhlabathi ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Umsebenzi Wokulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokwakha

• Ukubuyekezwa Komklamo: Ngaphambi kokufaka imishini yekhanda lomthombo, iqembu lokwakha lizobuyekeza umklamo wekhanda lomthombo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imodeli kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela semishini yekhanda lomthombo kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo. Qinisekisa ukuthi imidwebo yomklamo kanye nohlu lwemishini luphelele futhi lulungile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwemishini: Hlola ngokucophelela zonke izingxenye zemishini yekhanda lomthombo ukuze uthole ubuqotho. Qinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezifana nobuso be-flange, izivalo, amabhawodi, namantongomane azilimele futhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele. Hlola ukuthi ama-flange nama-gasket ahlanzekile futhi awangcolile.
• Ukulungiswa Kwendawo Yokwakha: Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokwakha iyisicaba, ihlanzekile, futhi ayinazo izithiyo. Uma kudingeka, yenza ukwelashwa kokuvimbela umlilo nothuli endaweni yokwakha ukuqinisekisa indawo yokwakha ephephile nethembekile.
• Ukulungiselela Amathuluzi: Lungisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene adingekayo ukuze kufakwe, okuhlanganisa ama-wren, imishini yokuphakamisa, uwoyela wokugcoba, i-sealant, njll.

2. Faka i-Casing Head

Ikhanda lesikhwama lingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zemishini yekhanda lemithombo, futhi ukufakwa kwalo kumele kube okunembe kakhulu.

• Ukuhlanzwa kweFlange: Ngaphambi kokufaka, qala ngokuhlanza i-flange ye-wellhead ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso be-flange buhlanzekile futhi abonakali, nokuthi ubuso be-gasket buhlanzekile futhi buyisicaba.
• Ukufakwa kweGasket: Uma ufaka ikhanda lekhase, ukukhetha i-gasket kubaluleke kakhulu. I-gasket enomfutho ophezulu ehlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo kumele isetshenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvala. I-gasket kufanele ibekwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwama-flange ukuze kugwenywe ukusonteka noma ukujiya.
• Ukubekwa Kwekhanda Lekhesi: Sebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa ukuze uphakamise ikhanda lekhesi ngaphezu kwekhanda lomthombo, uliqondise ngokucophelela ne-flange, bese ulibeka kancane kancane ku-flange yekhanda lomthombo. Sebenzisa ileveli ukuze uhlole ukuthi ikhanda lekhesi liqondile yini bese wenza ukulungisa okuhle.
• Ukuqinisa Ibholithi: Qinisa amabholithi eflange ngokulinganayo ngokuhambisana nezidingo zomklamo. Uma uqinisa amabholithi, kufanele kusetshenziswe iphethini ephambene, futhi i-torque kufanele ikhuliswe kancane kancane ngezinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuvala kanye namandla afanayo eflangethi. I-torque yebholithi ngalinye kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zencazelo yemishini.

3. Faka isihlahla sikaKhisimusi

Ukufakwa kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi kungenye yezinyathelo eziyinhloko ekufakweni kwemishini ye-wellhead, futhi inhloso yayo ukulawula izinga lokugeleza kukawoyela negesi kanye nomfutho we-wellhead.

• I-Flange Butt-Joint: Hlanganisa i-butt flange engezansi yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi ne-flange ephezulu yekhanda le-casing. Ngaphambi kwe-joint, hlola kabusha ukuthi ubuso be-flange buhlanzekile futhi buyisicaba, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi i-gasket ayishintshi.
• Faka iValvu Eyinhloko Yesango: Kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile isiqondiso nendawo yevalvu eyinhloko yesango ngesikhathi sokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulula kokulawula umthombo. Uma ufaka ivalvu eyinhloko yesango, faka inani elifanele lokugcoba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwevalvu okuguquguqukayo.
• Ama-Connect Side Valve Nezinye Izesekeli: Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi sivame ukuba nama-valve amaningi esangweni nama-valve okugoba. Lawa ma-valve kufanele afakwe ngokulandelana ngokwezidingo zomdwebo womklamo, futhi ukusebenza kokuvala kwengxenye ngayinye yokuxhuma kufanele kuqinisekiswe.
• Faka i-Pressure Gauge: Faka i-pressure gauge endaweni efanele esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi ukuze kuqashwe i-pressure ye-wellhead ngesikhathi sangempela.

4. Faka i-Blowout Preventer (BOP)

Isivimbeli sokuqhuma (i-BOP) siyingxenye ebalulekile yemishini yokusebenza kokulawula umthombo, futhi ukufakwa kwawo kubaluleke kakhulu. Inqubo yokufaka kumele yenziwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezijwayelekile.

• Hlola Ukusebenza Kokuvala kwe-BOP: Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwe-BOP ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izivalo ziphelele.
• Ukubeka Nokufaka: Sebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa ukuze uphakamise i-BOP ngaphezu kwekhanda lomthombo, uyivumelanise nekhanda lomthombo kancane, bese uyibeka endaweni yayo. Bese uqinisa amabhawodi e-flange njengoba kuchaziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezela: Ngemva kokuthi ukufakwa kwe-BOP sekuqediwe, yenza ukuhlolwa kokucindezela. Inhloko yomthombo ivame ukucindezelwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kokuvala kwe-BOP, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza kwegesi noma ukuvuza kukawoyela okwenzekayo.

5. Ukufakwa Nokwamukelwa Ngemva Kokufakwa

• Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezela Kwekhanda Le-Wellhead: Ngemva kokufakwa, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kokucindezela okuphelele kwemishini yekhanda le-wellhead ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuvala kanye nomthamo wokuthwala ingcindezi wedivayisi. Ingcindezi yokuhlola kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zomklamo, ngokuvamile ngokuphindwe ka-1.5 kunengcindezi yokusebenza yangempela.
• Ukuqaliswa Kwemishini: Faka ivalvu ngayinye yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavalvu ayavuleka futhi avaleke kalula, futhi ivalvu yokugoba ilungisa izinga lokugeleza kahle. Hlola ukuthi igeyiji yokucindezela isebenza kahle yini.
• Ukwamukelwa kanye Nemibhalo: Ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa, onjiniyela abafanele kufanele benze ukwamukelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo, futhi bagcine amarekhodi okufakwa, okuhlanganisa ulwazi olufana nenombolo yemishini, abafaki, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

III. Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukufakwa Kwemishini Ye-Wellhead

1. Ukuhlolwa Nokugcinwa Kwemishini

• Ukuhlolwa Kwemishini Ngaphambi Kokufaka: Ingxenye ngayinye yemishini yekhanda lomthombo kufanele ihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokufakwa, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezonakala kalula njengezivalo kanye nobuso be-flange, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho monakalo noma ukugqwala.
• Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokuvala: Izivalo zemishini yekhanda le-wellhead zihlobene ngqo nokuphepha kwekhanda le-wellhead. Uma uzikhetha, kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo zokucindezela kanye nokushisa komklamo wemishini yekhanda le-wellhead. Izinto zokuvala ezivamile zifaka irabha ne-graphite.
• Ukulawulwa kweTorque yeBolt: Amabholithi eFlange kumele aqiniswe ngokuhambisana ne-torque ejwayelekile, futhi akumelwe aqine kakhulu noma akhululeke kakhulu. Amabholithi kufanele athwale amandla ngokulinganayo ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesivalo okubangelwa amandla angalingani ebusweni beflange.

2. Ukuphathwa Kokuphepha Kokwakha

• Imithetho Yokuphepha Kwendawo: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwemishini yomthombo, abasebenzi bokwakha kumele balandele ngokuqinile imithetho yokuphepha endaweni, okuhlanganisa ukugqoka Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela umlilo nokuqhuma.
• Ukusebenza Kwemishini Yokuphakamisa: Ukufakwa kwemishini yokuphakamisa ngokuvamile kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuphakamisa; abaqhubi kumele bathole ukuqeqeshwa kobungcweti ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakamisa.
• Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Zokufaka i-BOP: Ukufakwa kwe-BOP kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zemithombo enezingozi ezinkulu zokuqhuma. Ukucindezela kwekhanda lemithombo kufanele kuqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sokufakwa ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zokuqhuma.

3. Amaphuzu Ayinhloko Obuchwepheshe Ngesikhathi Sokufakwa

• Ukusebenza Kokuvala Kokuxhumeka Kwe-Flange: Ukusebenza kokuvala kokuxhumeka kwe-flange kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekufakweni kwemishini yonke ye-wellhead. Ubuso be-flange kufanele bube bushelelezi futhi bube yisicaba, bungabi namaqhubu noma imihuzuko; i-gasket kufanele ibekwe ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokugqagqana noma ukuvala.
• Ukunemba Kokufakwa kwe-BOP: Ukufakwa kwe-BOP kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomthombo ezinomfutho ophezulu. Kumelwe kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuvuza lapho kuxhumana phakathi kwe-BOP nenhloko yomthombo.

4. Umthelela Wezinto Zemvelo Ekufakweni

• Izimo Zesimo Sezulu: Ukufakwa kwemishini ye-wellhead ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinzima, njengokushisa okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma umoya onamandla. Izinto zokuvala zingashintsha esimweni sezulu esibi, ngakho-ke izici zesimo sezulu sendawo yokuvula kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinto zokuvala.
• Izimo Zendawo: Ubunzima bendawo yemithombo buzothinta nokufakwa kwemishini yemithombo. Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezindawo ezinezintaba kanye nogwadule, ubunzima bokwakha buyanda, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kwendawo okwanele kumele kwenziwe.

IV. Izinkinga Ezivamile Nezixazululo Ekufakweni Kwemishini Ye-Wellhead

1. Inkinga Yokwehluleka Kwesivalo

• Incazelo Yenkinga: Ngemva kokufakwa kwemishini ye-wellhead, izinkinga ezifana nokuvuza kukawoyela kanye nokuvuza kwegesi kwenzeka lapho kuxhuma i-flange.
• Izixazululo:
• Hlola ukuthi ubuso be-flange bonakele yini; yenza ukwelashwa kokugaya uma kudingeka.
• Hlola ukuthi i-gasket iyafaneleka yini; shintsha i-gasket uma kudingeka.
• Qinisekisa amabhawodi e-flange ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-torque yawo ihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.

2. Ukusebenza kweValve Engaguquki

• Incazelo Yenkinga: Ngemva kokufakwa, amavalvu esihlahla sikaKhisimusi awaguquguquki ngesikhathi sokusebenza, noma awakwazi ukuvulwa noma ukuvalwa ngokuphelele.
• Izixazululo:
• Hlola isimo sokuthambisa sevalvu; engeza uwoyela wokugcoba uma kudingeka.
• Hlola ukuthi indlela yokufaka ivalvu ilungile yini; faka kabusha uma kudingeka.
• Susa noma yiziphi izinto ezingaba khona zangaphandle ngaphakathi kwevalvu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiteshi sayo asiphazanyiswa.

3. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesilinganiso sokucindezela

• Incazelo Yenkinga: Ngemva kokufakwa, i-pressure gauge ayikwazi ukufunda i-wellhead pressure ngendlela evamile.
• Izixazululo:
• Hlola ukuthi i-pressure gauge ifakwe kahle yini; yifaka kabusha uma kudingeka.
• Hlola ukuthi igeyiji yokucindezela yonakele yini; yishintshe uma kudingeka.

V. IsiphethoUkufakwa kwemishini ye-wellhead kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwensimu kawoyela negesi, futhi ukuphepha kwayo nokuthembeka kwayo kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza kwendawo yomthombo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka, imisebenzi kumele yenziwe ngokuhambisana nezinqubo, kuqashelwa yonke imininingwane—ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kokuvala kokuxhumeka kwe-flange kanye nokunemba kokufakwa kwe-blowout preventer (BOP). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi bokwakha kufanele babe nolwazi oluningi lokusebenza kanye nokuqonda ukuphepha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemishini ye-wellhead. Empeleni, kufanele kwenziwe izinguquko kuhlanganiswe nezici zemvelo zendawo yomthombo ethile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha komsebenzi wokufaka.

Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukusebenza Kwevalvu Yekhanda

Ukusebenza kweValvu

Kumelwe kuqashelwe uma uvula noma uvala ivalvu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamavalvu zifakwe iphini lokusika phakathi kwesibambo kanye nesiqu sevalvu; uma kusetshenziswa amandla amaningi, iphini lizosika ukuze livikele izingxenye zangaphakathi zevalvu. Ngaphandle uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ivalvu eyinhloko akufanele isetshenziselwe ukuvala umthombo ogelezayo. Amavalvu okusula noma amavalvu ephiko ngokuvamile asetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho isango levalvu livaliwe emthonjeni ogelezayo, ijubane lokugeleza elikhuphukile loketshezi lomthombo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala lizobangela ukuguguleka ebusweni bokuvala. Ukufaka isihlalo nesango kuvalvu kulula futhi kuphephile kunokufaka esikhundleni sevalvu eyinhloko eSihlahleni SikaKhisimusi. Uma uvala ivalvu, qiniseka ukuthi ubala inani lokujika kwevalvu. Lokhu kuwukuhlola okuhlakaniphile ukuvimbela izintambo zamathuluzi noma izintambo ukuthi zingabhajwa eSihlahleni SikaKhisimusi uma ithuluzi selikhuphuke ngokuphelele ku-lubricator.

Isiphanyeko Sepayipi

I-tubing hanger iyithuluzi elisekela i-tubing yokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwekhanda le-tubing. I-sealing assembly emzimbeni we-tubing hanger inikeza i-hydraulic seal phakathi kwe-tubing hanger kanye nomzimba wekhanda le-tubing. Ezimweni eziningi, i-tubing hanger yakhelwe ngentamo ende evala phansi kwe-adapter flange, ihlukanise uketshezi lomthombo ekuxhumekeni kwe-annular kwekhanda le-tubing ngesithiyo esivaliwe.

Iphrofayili yangaphakathi yesiphanyeko sepayipi inikeza indlela yokufaka ivalvu yokucindezela emuva kwepayipi (i-BPV). Umzimba oyinhloko wesiphanyeko sepayipi unezimbobo ezihambisa umugqa omncane wokulawula oxhunywe kuvalvu yebhola elingaphansi. Ukuxhumeka okunezintambo phezulu nangaphansi kwesiphanyeko sepayipi kufana nentambo yepayipi elengayo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekhanda lomthombo, isiphanyeko sepayipi siyinto evame ukuhlukaniswa futhi ishintshwe.

Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi

Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi siyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe ngama-valve kanye nezinto zokufaka, ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi oluvela emthonjeni kanye nokunikeza ukufinyelela kuntambo yepayipi noma ipayipi lokukhiqiza. I-adapter flange iyisixhumi esitholakala phansi kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, esihambisana neflange phezulu kwekhanda lepayipi, futhi sinobukhulu obufanayo kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela njengeflange yekhanda lepayipi.

Iphrofayili yangaphakathi yale flange ye-adaptha ifaka intamo ende ye-hanger yepayipi; kweminye imiklamo ye-flange ye-adaptha, iphrofayili izofaka uphawu lwesibili. Eduze kwe-flange engezansi kukhona uchungechunge lwezinto zokufaka ama-port okuhlola nama-vent port. Lawa ma-port asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-packer yesibili isebenze futhi enze ukuhlolwa kokuxhumeka kwe-annular phakathi kwama-flange amabili okuhlangana, uphawu lwe-annular oluphansi, kanye ne-packer yesibili. Ukuze kufaniswe i-port entanyeni ye-hanger yepayipi, kusetshenziswa i-port eyengeziwe ukuhambisa uketshezi lomugqa wokulawula ku-valve yokuphepha ye-downhole. Ukuxhumeka okuphezulu kungokwe-valve yokuqala ye-Christmas Tree. Esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi sohlobo lwe-bolt, i-adapter flange ivame ukuba yingxenye ebalulekile ye-valve ye-Christmas Tree futhi ibizwa ngokuthi yingxenye yeyunithi ye-Christmas Tree.

Xhumana: uJessie Zhou

Ucingo/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com