1. Kuyini ukusebenza kwe-downhole?
Ukusebenza kwemigodi engaphansi komhlaba kuyindlela yobuchwepheshe yokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi enkambisweni yokuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zikawoyela. Uwoyela negesi yemvelo egqitshwe izinkulungwane noma izinkulungwane zamamitha ngaphansi komhlaba kuyimithombo ebalulekile engaphansi komhlaba. La magugu kawoyela ambiwa ngemigwaqo yamadwala ebholwe ngezingqimba zikawoyela ezingaphansi komhlaba phansi ngezindleko ezinkulu. Enkambisweni yokukhiqiza yesikhathi eside, imithombo kawoyela namanzi iphazanyiswa njalo ukugeleza kukawoyela negesi, ukuze imithombo kawoyela ishintshe ngaso sonke isikhathi, iguge kancane kancane, futhi kube nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwehluleka, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokukhiqizwa okuvamile kwemithombo kawoyela namanzi. Ngisho noma ingasasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yemigodi engaphansi komhlaba emithonjeni kawoyela namanzi enezinkinga nokwehluleka, ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwemithombo kawoyela namanzi. Imisebenzi yemigodi engaphansi komhlaba ihlanganisa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwemithombo kawoyela namanzi, ukulungiswa kwemithombo kawoyela namanzi, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwedamu kanye nokuhlolwa kukawoyela.
2. Umsebenzi wokulungisa
Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwamafutha kanye nokufakwa kwamanzi emithonjeni yamafutha namanzi, ngenxa yokwakheka kokukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi nosawoti, ukumbozwa kokwakheka, ukunamathela kwesihlabathi sephampu, ukunamathela kukasawoti, noma ukufakwa kwe-wax yentambo yephayiphi, ukugqwala kwevalvu yephampu, ukwehluleka kokupakisha, ukuthuthwa kwamapayipi, ukupompa uwoyela Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene njengokuphuka kwenduku, imithombo yamafutha namanzi ayikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokujwayelekile. Inhloso yokugcinwa kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi ukubuyisela ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi ngokusebenza nokwakhiwa.
Ukugcinwa kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi kuhlanganisa: ukujova ukuhlolwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ukufaka esikhundleni se-seal, ukulinganiswa kwephrofayili yokumuncwa kwamanzi; ukuhlolwa kwephampu yemithombo yamafutha, ukuhlanza isihlabathi, ukulawula isihlabathi, ukuklwebha i-wax ekhejini, ukuvala amanzi kanye nokwelashwa okulula kwengozi yembobo ephansi kanye neminye imisebenzi yokusebenza.
Iphampu yokuhlola umthombo kawoyela
Uma iphampu yomthombo wamafutha isebenza emthonjeni, ihlaselwa yisihlabathi, i-wax, igesi, amanzi kanye nezinye izinto ezilimazayo, okuzolimaza izingxenye zephampu, kubangele ukuthi iphampu yehluleke, futhi umthombo wamafutha uzomisa ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola iphampu kuyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina ukusebenza kahle kwephampu nokugcina ukukhiqizwa okuvamile komthombo wokupompa.
Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko komsebenzi wepompo yokuhlola umthombo wamafutha ukuphakamisa nokwehlisa induku yokumunca kanye nepayipi kawoyela. Umfutho wendawo yokugcina amanzi awuphezulu, futhi idivayisi yokusula amanzi ingasetshenziswa emisebenzini yomgodi ophansi. Emithonjeni enezinto eziwayo noma ingcindezi yokwakheka ephakeme kancane, amanzi ahlanzekile noma amanzi ahlanzekile angasetshenziswa emisebenzini yomgodi ophansi ngemva kokuba umthombo ucindezelwe, futhi ukubulala udaka kufanele kugwenywe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile umsebenzi wokuhlola iphampu: ukubalwa okunembile kokujula kwephampu, inhlanganisela efanele yezinduku zokudonsa kanye namapayipi, nokusebenzisa izinduku zokudonsa ezifanele, amapayipi kanye namaphampu omthombo ojulile, njll., okuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwephampu.
Umjovo wamanzi we-oyili
Ukujova amanzi e-oilfield kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokugcina ingcindezi yengqimba kawoyela, kanye nesinyathelo esiphumelelayo sokugcina umkhiqizo ozinzile nophezulu wesikhathi eside ezindaweni zikawoyela, ukwandisa isivinini sokubuyisa uwoyela kanye nesilinganiso sokugcina sokubuyisa uwoyela.
Ngemva kokuba uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kokujova amanzi lwensimu kawoyela selunqunyiwe, ukuze kutholakale ulwazi olufanele njengokucindezela kokujova kanye nomthamo wokujova wesendlalelo ngasinye sokujova, isigaba sokujova sokulinga kumele sidlule ngaphambi kokujova kwamanzi okusemthethweni.
Ukujova kokuhlola: ngaphambi kokuba umthombo wamafutha ufakwe ngokusemthethweni ekujovweni kwamanzi, inqubo yokuhlola nokwakha yokujova komthombo omusha noma ukujova kokudlulisa umthombo wamafutha ibizwa ngokuthi ukujova kokuhlola. Ngokukhethekile emthonjeni wokujova amanzi, ukususa ikhekhe lodaka, udoti, kanye nokungcola odongeni lomthombo kanye naphansi komthombo omusha noma umthombo wamafutha ngaphambi kokujova, bese kunqunywa inkomba yokumuncwa kwamanzi yomthombo wokujova amanzi, kubekwa isisekelo esihle sokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokujova amanzi. Ukujova kokuhlola kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, okungukuthi ukukhipha amanzi, ukuhlanza umthombo, ukujova kokudlulisa kanye nezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokujova ezidingekayo.
Ukuvimba amanzi okukhethiwe
Enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwensimu kawoyela, amanzi aphuma kungqimba kawoyela azowuthinta kakhulu umsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa kwensimu kawoyela, futhi anciphise nezinga lokugcina lokubuyiselwa kwensimu kawoyela. Ngemva kokuba umthombo kawoyela ukhiqize amanzi, okokuqala nquma izinga lamanzi, bese usebenzisa indlela yokuvala amanzi ukuze uyivale. Inhloso yokuvala amanzi ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi kungqimba olukhiqiza amanzi nokushintsha indlela yokugeleza kwamanzi kumafutha agcwele amanzi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhukhula kwamanzi, nokuzama ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kunciphise noma kuzinze isikhathi esithile, ukuze kugcinwe ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kukawoyela noma ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubuyiselwa kwensimu kawoyela ekugcineni.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvala amanzi bungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukuvala amanzi ngomshini kanye nokuvala amanzi ngamakhemikhali. Ukuvala amanzi ngamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa ukuvala amanzi okukhethiwe kanye nokuvala amanzi okungakhethi kanye nokulungiswa kwephrofayili yokumunca amanzi emithonjeni yokujova amanzi.
1.Ukufakwa kwamanzi ngomshiniukusebenzisa ama-packers namathuluzi okusekela imbobo ephansi ukuvala ungqimba lwamanzi emthonjeni wamafutha. Lolu hlobo lokuvala amanzi alunakukhetha. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, intambo yepayipi kumele ifakwe ukuze ivale isihlalo se-packer ibe nembambo futhi iqine, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvala amanzi. Le ndlela yokuvimba amanzi ingavala ungqimba olungaphezulu ukuze imbe ungqimba olungezansi, ivale ungqimba olungezansi ukuze imbe ungqimba oluphezulu, noma ivale ungqimba oluphakathi ukuze imbe zombili izinhlangothi bese ivala izinhlangothi ezimbili ukuze imbe ungqimba oluphakathi.
2.Ukuvalwa kwamanzi ngamakhemikhaliukufaka i-agent yokuxhuma amakhemikhali engqimbeni yokukhipha amanzi, bese usebenzisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-agent yokuxhuma noma izinto ezikhiqizwa ushintsho lwe-reactants yamakhemikhali ekwakhekeni ukuze kuvalwe imigudu yokukhipha amanzi ekwakhekeni futhi kuncishiswe ukunqunywa kwamanzi okuphelele komthombo wamafutha.
Ukuvala amanzi okukhethiwe kuwukukhipha amanye ama-polymer aphezulu noma ezinye izinto ezingaphili ezigobhoza futhi ziqine lapho zihlangana namanzi zingene ekwakhekeni. I-hydrophilic gene ku-polymer inobuhlobo nokumuncwa kwamanzi lapho ihlangana namanzi, futhi iyanda; iyancipha lapho ihlangana namafutha, futhi ayinawo umphumela wokumuncwa. Izinto ezingaphili ezakha imvula nokuqina lapho zihlangana namanzi zingavimba umzila wokuphuma kwamanzi wokwakheka, futhi ngeke zikhiqize imvula noma ukuqina lapho zihlangana namafutha.
Ukuvalwa kwamanzi okungakhethi kuncike kakhulu ezinhlayiyeni ze-sedimentation ukuvimba ama-pores okwakheka. Le ndlela yokuvala amanzi ayigcini nje ngokuvimba isiteshi samanzi, kodwa futhi ivimba isiteshi samafutha.
Ukulungiswa kwemithombo kawoyela
Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwemithombo yamafutha, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezingozi zemigodi ephansi kanye nezinye izizathu, imithombo yamafutha namanzi ayikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokwenzeka kwezinto ezinamathelayo neziwayo emgodini ophansi, ukukhiqizwa kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi kuzoncishiswa noma kumiswe, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, imithombo yamafutha namanzi izolahlwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwensimu yamafutha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka kwezingozi zemigodi ephansi futhi kuxazululwe nazo ngokushesha. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokulungiswa kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi kufaka phakathi: ukuphathwa kwengozi yemigodi ephansi, ukuhlenga izinto eziwela phansi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukulungiswa kwekhava, ukuphambuka, njll.
Ukulungiswa kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima, futhi kudinga kakhulu ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezizathu eziningi zezingozi zemigodi engaphansi komhlaba, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingozi zemigodi engaphansi komhlaba. Izingozi ezivamile zemigodi engaphansi komhlaba ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: izingozi zobuchwepheshe, izingozi zamapayipi abambeke phansi kanye nezingozi zezinto eziwela phansi komhlaba. Uma ubhekene nakho, kubalulekile ukuthola uhlobo lwengozi, ukuthola imbangela yengozi, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezifanele ukuze ubhekane nakho kahle. Zonke izingozi zobuchwepheshe zenqubo zenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo, futhi zingabhekwana nazo kusengaphambili ngokwembangela yengozi ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha. Izingozi ezinamathela phansi kanye nezingozi zezinto eziwela phansi komhlaba ziyizingozi ezinkulu zemigodi engaphansi komhlaba ezithinta ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwemithombo yamafutha namanzi. INGOZI. Futhi inani elikhulu lezingozi ezivamile ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-11-2023
5-1203, Indawo Yezimboni yaseDahua, No.2 Yunshui Road, indawo yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, eXi'an, 710065, eShayina
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