Iyini i-Valve Yesihlahla SikaKhisimusi?

Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi esihlanganisiwe siyiyunithi ehlanganisiwe lapho ivalvu eyinhloko engezansi, ivalvu eyinhloko ephezulu, kanye nevalvu yokushaja kuhlanganiswa khona kube yinhlanganisela eyodwa. Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

I-Wellheadkanye nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi

Inhloko yomthombo womthombo iyingxenye etholakala ebusweni bomthombo kawoyela noma wegesi, enikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo kanye nendawo equkethe ukucindezela kwemishini yokubhoboza nokukhiqiza.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wekhanda lomthombo ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokusekela kanye nedivayisi yokuvala ingcindezi yentambo yesikhala esukela phansi komthombo iye emishinini yokulawula ingcindezi engaphezulu.

Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza imithombo, ingcindezi engaphezulu ilawulwa yi-Blowout Preventer (BOP). Uma ingcindezi ingalawulwa yikholomu yoketshezi lokubhoboza ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, i-wellbor, i-wellhead, kanye ne-BOP kungaqhuma, okuholela esigamekweni sokuqhuma.

Uma sekuqediwe ukubhoboza, imisebenzi yokuphothula yenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana nedwala lendawo yokugcina amanzi kanye nokwakha umsele wokugeleza koketshezi emthonjeni. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esifakwe phezu kwekhanda lomthombo senza kube lula ukulawula ukucindezeleka kobuso, siqukethe ama-valve okuzihlukanisa kanye nama-chokes ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi emthonjeni ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Inhloko yomthombo ngokuvamile ixhunyelwa entanjeni yokuqala yebhokisi bese ifakwa endaweni yayo ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, okwenza isakhiwo esiphelele somthombo. Emithonjeni yokuhlola ezoshiywa kamuva, inhloko yomthombo ingatholwa, ivuselelwe, futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.

Izindawo zomthombo zasogwini, ezitholakala ezinkundleni zokukhiqiza zibizwa ngokuthi imigodi engaphezulu; uma zitholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi, zibizwa ngokuthi imigodi yangaphansi kolwandle noma imigodi yodaka.

Imininingwane Yomklamo

Imininingwane yemboni yezinhlelo ze-wellhead (kufaka phakathi izinto zokwakha, ubukhulu, izinqubo zokuhlola, kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezela) yile:

I-API 6A: Imininingwane Yezinsiza Zomthombo Wezinsika Nezihlahla

I-ISO 10423: Izinga Lezinsizakusebenza Zezinsika Nezihlahla

Iyini i-Valve Yesihlahla SikaKhisimusi?

Ivalvu yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi iyisistimu equkethe amavalvu, ama-choke, amapayipi, kanye nezinsimbi, eziqanjwe ngokufana kwayo nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi esihlotshisiwe. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ivalvu yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi ihlukile ekhanda lomthombo; isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwezimo zomgodi ophansi kanye nezimo zobuso. Ngemva kokuqala kokukhiqiza, lawa mavalvu afakwa phezu kwekhanda lomthombo ukuze aqondise futhi alawule ukugeleza koketshezi olukhiqizwayo ngaphandle.

Lawa ma-valve asebenza kwezinye izinjongo eziningi, njengokunciphisa ingcindezi, ukujova ngamakhemikhali, ukuqapha imishini yokuphepha, kanye nezindawo zikagesi zezinhlelo zokulawula. Avame ukusetshenziswa kokubili emithonjeni yamafutha angaphansi kolwandle emapulatifomu asogwini kanye nasemithomboni engaphezulu. Lolu chungechunge lwezingxenye lubalulekile ekukhishweni okuphephile kwe-petroleum, igesi yemvelo, kanye nezinye izinsiza zikaphethiloli ezigqitshwe ekujuleni komhlaba, okuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokuxhuma eziyinhloko zazo zonke izici zomthombo.

Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esilula esinama-valve amahlanu, kodwa izinhlelo zama-valve esihlahla sikaKhisimusi zangempela zivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-valve amaningi esihlahla sikaKhisimusi enziwa ngokwezifiso, okwenza kube nzima ukuchaza izimiso zokusebenza ezithile zazo zonke izinhlobo.

I-Lower Master Valve

I-Lower Master Valve iyivalvu esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza okuvela esihlokweni somthombo kuya enhlanganweni yesihlahla. Ezimweni eziningi, isetshenziswa ngesandla futhi ihlala isesimweni esivinjelwe, esivulekile kancane ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

I-Upper Master Valve

I-Upper Master Valve iyithuluzi lokuphepha elisetshenziswa lapho i-Lower Master Valve yehluleka noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi. Ngokuvamile kuyi-valve esebenza kude evala ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ithola isignali yokuphepha ukuze kumiswe konke ukugeleza esihlahleni.

I-Kill Wing Valve

I-Kill Valve ingenye i-valve esetshenziswa ngesandla futhi isebenza njengendawo yokuxhumanisa umjovo. Izinto eziwuketshezi ezifana nezithiyo zokugqwala, i-methanol, kanye namafomula okuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni zingafakwa ngale valve. Zaziwa nangokuthi ama-valve engalo eseceleni noma ama-valve ephiko lesibili.

I-Production Wing Valve + I-Isolation Valve

I-Production Wing Valve ivame ukuhlelwa ngamadigri angu-180 maqondana ne-Kill Wing Valve. Iyisakhi esisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo esidinga ingcindezi ye-hydraulic enhle ukuze sihlale sivulekile. Ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo noma ukulungiswa, ivimbela ukujova/ukugeleza emgodini futhi ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-choke ukulawula ukugeleza kanye nengcindezi ngaphakathi emgodini. Le choke ibhekwa “njenge-faucet” yokugeleza kukaphethiloli, okwenza ukulawula ukugeleza kube yinto ebalulekile kule sakhi.

I-Swab Valve + I-Cap kanye ne-Gauge

I-Swab Valve ingenye i-valve eqhutshwa ngesandla, ehlinzeka ngendlela eqondile eqondile yokusebenza kwe-downhole. I-T-Cap kanye ne-pressure gauge kusebenza njengezinkomba ezibonakalayo zokuthi iyiphi i-valve evulekile; isibonelo, uma i-kill valve ivuliwe futhi i-swab valve ivaliwe, i-pressure gauge kufanele ifunde i-0 psi (akukho ngcindezi), kanti uma i-valve yokukhiqiza ivuliwe futhi i-swab valve nayo ivuliwe, i-pressure gauge kufanele ibonise inani elichazwe yi-operator yomthombo. Zingafaka futhi ama-valve okushisa edijithali kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komthombo, njengoba ama-valve esandla amaningi eshiya isikhala sephutha lomuntu.

Isifinyezo

Ukukhetha ivalvu yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi akukhona nje ukuthenga uhlobo noma usayizi ofanele. Amavalvu esihlahla sikaKhisimusi ayimishini eklanywe ngokukhethekile okumele ifane nazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo ekusetshenzisweni kokubhoboza, okuhlanganisa amaphampu, izinhlelo zokulawula, amadivayisi okuphepha, nezinye izingxenye zomthombo.

I-Wellhead noma isihlahla sikaKhisimusi? Uyini umehluko?

Embonini kawoyela negesi, amagama athi “i-wellhead” kanye “ne-Christmas Tree” avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Kodwa-ke, i-wellhead kanye ne-Christmas Tree ziyimishini ehlukene ngokuphelele. Zombili zibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kawoyela negesi futhi zihlonyiswe ngama-valve namanye amadivayisi ukusiza ukulawula nokuqondisa ukugeleza kwezinto.

Inhloko yomthombo ilawula ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokubhoboza kanye nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Itholakala ebusweni bomthombo, phakathi kwebhokisi kanye nephansi le-rig, inikeza ukufinyelela okuphephile nokulawulwayo emthonjeni osebenzayo. Inhloko yomthombo isekela ibhokisi futhi inikeza izivalo zokucindezela zentambo yebhokisi. Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, isekela i-Blowout Preventer (BOP); ngesikhathi sokuqedwa, isekela ikhanda le-frac; futhi ngemva kokuqedwa, isekela isihlahla sokukhiqiza. Inhloko yomthombo ikhona ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, ukuqedwa, kanye nezigaba zokukhiqiza.

Inhloso eyinhloko yeSihlahla SikaKhisimusi ukulawula ukungena nokuphuma kwezinsizakusebenza (ngokuvamile uwoyela noma igesi) emthonjeni ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngemva kokuba inqubo yokubhoboza isiqediwe, Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi siyathuthwa siye endaweni bese sifakwa ekhanda lomthombo. Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi siqukethe uchungechunge lwama-valve, ama-nipples, izinsimbi, kanye nama-chokes.

Umhlangano ojwayelekile weSihlahla SikaKhisimusi uqukethe ama-valve amahlanu esewonke, ngalinye linomsebenzi othize:

I-Valve Yokubulala:Le valve ifaka uketshezi olufana nokubhoboza udaka noma usawoti emgodini ukuze kulawulwe ukucindezeleka. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokungenelela komthombo kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa "ukubulala" umthombo, okungukuthi, ukulawula ukucindezeleka kanye nokumisa ukugeleza koketshezi.

I-Swab Valve:Itholakala phezulu kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, ivalvu ye-swab inikeza ukufinyelela emthonjeni ukuze kusetshenziswe izintambo noma amapayipi ahlanganisiwe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukungenelela, ukugcinwa, noma ukugawulwa kwemigodi ngaphandle kokubulala umthombo. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kokugcinwa kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.

I-Valve Yephiko Lokukhiqiza:Le valve ilawula ukugeleza kukawoyela negesi kusuka emthonjeni kuya ezindaweni zokukhiqiza. Ingavulwa noma ivalwe ukuqala noma ukumisa ukukhiqizwa futhi isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa noma ukuphatha izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi.

I-Upper Master Valve:I-Upper Master Valve ingenye yamavalvu okuhlukaniswa ayinhloko, ekwazi ukuvala ngokuphelele ukugeleza okuvela emthonjeni. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo ukumisa ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo ukugeleza kukawoyela negesi, ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okubalulekile kokuphepha nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.

I-Lower Master Valve:I-Lower Master Valve ingenye i-valve yokuhlukanisa eyinhloko, esebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-Upper Master Valve. Ihlinzeka ngokuphindaphindeka, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve yokusekelayo iyatholakala ukuze ivalwe emgodini uma i-Upper Master Valve yehluleka nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Ukuba nama-Upper Master Valve kanye nama-Lower Master Valve kunikeza opharetha ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe.

Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukulawula ingcindezi, ukulawula ukugeleza, kanye nokunikeza ukufinyelela emgodini womthombo ngesikhathi sokuqedwa kanye nezigaba zokukhiqiza. Igama layo livela ekufaneni kwayo nomuthi kaKhisimusi ohlotshisiwe. Lo mshini obalulekile udlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemigodi engaphansi komhlaba, ekunciphiseni ingcindezi, ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali, ekuqapheni umthombo, ukwakheka nokugeleza kanye nesivinini, kanye nempendulo ye-valve kanye nesikhundla sokuminyana.

Zisetshenziswa kanjani iziMpawu zohlobo lwe-S kanye nohlobo lwe-FS kuma-Wellheads kanye nasezihlahleni zikaKhisimusi?

Izimbozo ze-S-Type kanye ne-FS-Type ezibunjwe kahle ezikhiqizwe yi-CDI zineziphethu ezilwa nokukhishwa kwegesi ezifanele amazinga aphezulu okucindezela kanye nokushisa okubanzi. Izimbozo ze-S-Type kanye ne-FS-Type zinikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kokukhishwa kwegesi ezindaweni zokuvala ezidingakalayo ze-High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT). Izimbozo zethu ze-S-Type zaziwa njengezithasiselo ezithuthukisiwe ze-T-seals noma ama-O-rings endabuko anezicucu ezintathu ezinezipele. Izimbozo ze-Metal girdle zihlanganiswe nezinto zokuvala ze-elastomeric eziklanywe ngendlela ekhethekile. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukumelana nezikhala ezinkulu zokukhishwa kwegesi (kufika ku-0.125 amayintshi). Izimbozo ze-FS-Type zisetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezinezikhala ezinkulu zokukhishwa kwegesi noma lapho ububanzi bemishini bungase bungahambisani khona, busebenza njengenye indlela yezimbozo ze-S-Type. Izimbozo ze-FS-Type zihlanganisa izimbozo ze-metal girdle nezinto zokuvala ze-elastomeric eziklanywe ngendlela ekhethekile. Lo mklamo ungavala izindawo ezidinga ukuphambuka kwe-seal ephezulu ukuze kulungiswe ukuhlukahluka kwamapayipi, ama-casing, noma izingxenye ezinkulu zobubanzi. I-FS seal iyisivalo sobubanzi bangaphakathi esine-cross-section ebanzi, esetshenziselwa izikhala ezinkulu zokukhipha kanye nezindawo eziqinile zesikhala.

I-CDI ikhiqiza izivalo ze-S-Type kanye ne-FS-Type ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nezisezingeni eliphezulu embonini isebenzisa izinto ze-Nitrile Rubber (NBR), i-Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR), kanye ne-Fluoroelastomer (FKM) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuvala zamakhasimende ezihlukile, izihlinzeka ngokushesha phakathi nomjikelezo webhizinisi labo.

Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi noma Umhlangano Wezinhloko Zomthombo?

Isihlahla SikaKhisimusi siwukuhlanganiswa kwama-valve, ama-nipples, kanye nezinto zokufaka ezisetshenziselwa imithombo kawoyela, imithombo yegesi, imithombo yokujova amanzi, imithombo yokulahla imfucuza, imithombo yokujova igesi, imithombo yokujiya kwe-condensate, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemithombo. Sithola igama laso ngokufana kwaso nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi esihlotshisiwe.

Ngokuvamile, amagama athi “i-wellhead” kanye “ne-Christmas Tree” asetshenziswa ngokushintshana; noma kunjalo, ayimishini ehluke ngokuphelele. Ukuze usebenzise i-Christmas Tree, i-wellhead kumele ibe khona; noma kunjalo, i-wellhead ingaba khona ngaphandle kwe-Christmas Tree ngesikhathi sokubhoboza. Ukukhiqiza imithombo engaphezulu edinga amaphampu (amayunithi okupompa, izimbongolo ezivumayo, njll.) ngokuvamile akusebenzisi noma yisiphi isihlahla sikaKhisimusi ngoba asikho isidingo sokuvala ingcindezi.

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ubunzima bezinto zokuhlobisa izihlahla bukhule. Ngokuvamile zenziwa ngamabhulokhi ensimbi aqukethe ama-valve amaningi kunokuba zihlanganiswe ngama-valve amaningi ahlanganisiwe.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesihlahla ukulawula ukungena noma ukuphuma koketshezi, ngokuvamile uwoyela noma igesi.

Izihlahla ZikaKhisimusi zivame ukunikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyengeziwe, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokujova ngamakhemikhali, izindlela zokusebenza kwemigodi engaphansi komhlaba, izindlela zokukhulula ingcindezi (njengokufaka umoya ophumayo), kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma zokuqapha isihlahla kanye nomthombo (isb., ukuxhumana kwamadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukugqwala, ukuguguleka, ukutholwa kwesihlabathi, ukugeleza, ukwakheka koketshezi, impendulo ye-valve kanye nesikhundla sokuminyana, Izinzwa Zokucindezela Nezinga lokushisa Ephansi komhlaba (DHPT), njll.).

Iyini Inhloso Yomhlangano Wezinhloko Zezinsika?

Ekukhiqizeni imithombo, amakhemikhali, utshwala, noma ama-distillates kaphethiloli angafakwa ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi/noma kuxazululwe izinkinga zokukhiqiza (njengokuvinjelwa). I-wellhead assembly isetshenziselwa futhi ukulawula i-gas injection noma i-water injection emithonjeni ekhiqizayo noma engakhiqizi ukuze kugcinwe amazinga "okukhiqiza" kwezomnotho kweminye imithombo endaweni (indawo kawoyela). Uhlelo lokulawula oluxhunywe kwi-wellhead assembly lulawula i-Downhole Safety Valve (SCSSV), kuyilapho i-wellhead assembly isebenza njengoxhumano kanye nomsele phakathi kohlelo lokulawula kanye ne-SCSSV.

Njengoba ubona, ngisho nakulo mdwebo wesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, kunezivikelo ezinhlanu. Ziyi-Choke Wing Valve, i-Swab Valve, i-Production Wing Valve, i-Upper Master Valve, kanye ne-Lower Master Valve. Lapho opharetha, umthombo, kanye nezindawo sezilungele ukukhiqiza nokwamukela uwoyela noma igesi, amazivikelo ayavuleka, okuvumela uketshezi lokwakheka ukuthi lugeleze ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamapayipi. Ukuqonda indawo yala mazivikelo kanye nendima yawo ekuthuthweni kwegesi yemvelo isuka emthonjeni iye kumakhasimende kubalulekile.

Izincazelo Zezingxenye

Amavalvu amabili aphansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-Master Valve (Aphezulu Naphansi) ngoba atholakala endleleni yokugeleza okumele kudlule kuyo uketshezi lomthombo ukuze lufinyelele phezulu.

I-Lower Master Valve ivame ukusebenza ngesandla, kuyilapho i-Upper Master Valve ivame ukusebenza nge-hydraulically.

Amavalvu ephiko le-Hydraulic Christmas Tree ngokuvamile aklanywa njengevalwe ngendlela ephephile, okusho ukuthi adinga ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kwe-hydraulic ukuze ahlale evulekile.

Ivalvu engakwesokudla ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Production Wing Valve noma i-Flow Wing Valve, njengoba itholakala endleleni yokugeleza eholela ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.

Ivalvu engakwesobunxele ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Choke Wing Valve. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakeni uketshezi olufana nezithibi zokugqwala noma i-methanol ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-hydrate.

Ivalvu ephezulu ibizwa ngokuthi iSwab Valve, etholakala endleleni esetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokudonsa phansi njengezintambo kanye nemisebenzi yepayipi eligoqiwe. I-“Choke” iyithuluzi elingalungiswa noma elilungisekayo, elisetshenziselwa:

Ukulawula ukugeleza kwegesi, okwaziwa nangokuthi ivolumu; noma

Ukudala ingcindezi engezansi, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingcindezi engemuva.

Sithemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi kwekhanda lomthombo kanye nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi. Kodwa-ke, uma unemibuzo, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi.

Xhumana: uJessie Zhou

Ucingo/I-Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com