Buyini Ubunjiniyela Bokuqedela Imithombo?

Ngokwezici ze-geological ze-oil and gas reservoir kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukiswa nokuxhashazwa, inqubo yokusungula isiteshi esixhumanisayo noma indlela efanelekile phakathi kwe-oil and gas reservoir kanye ne-oil and gas source shaft phansi komthombo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqedwa.

1. Izidingo zokuphothula

1) .Izimo zokuxhuma ezifanele kufanele zigcinwe phakathi kwengqimba kawoyela negesi kanye nomgodi womthombo, futhi umonakalo kungqimba kawoyela negesi kufanele ube mncane;

2) .Kufanele kube nendawo enkulu ngangokunokwenzeka yokuvuza phakathi kwengqimba kawoyela negesi kanye nomgodi womthombo, futhi ukumelana kukawoyela negesi emthonjeni kufanele kube kuncane;

3) .Kufanele bakwazi ukuvala uwoyela, igesi, ungqimba lwamanzi ngempumelelo, ukuvimbela igesi noma ukujikeleza kwamanzi, ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okuhlangene phakathi kwezingqimba;

4). Kufanele ikwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi kwengqimba kawoyela, ivimbele ukubhidlika kodonga lomthombo, futhi iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa kwesikhathi eside komthombo kawoyela;

5) .Izinyathelo zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe njengokufakwa kwamanzi ahlanganisiwe, ukufakwa kwegesi, ukuqhekeka okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokufakwa kwe-asidi kufanele kutholakale ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kokuphakamisa nokwehlisa imbobo;

6) .Ezindaweni zokugcina uwoyela osindayo, ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela osindayo kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokubuyiselwa kokushisa (i-huff eyinhloko yomusi kanye ne-puff kanye ne-steam drive);

7). Izimo zokuphambukisa iMithombo eqondisa indlela kanye neMithombo evundlile esigabeni sakamuva sokuthuthukiswa kwendawo kawoyela;

8). Inqubo ilula ngangokunokwenzeka futhi izindleko ziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka;

2.Ukuqedwaindlelas

1). ukubhoboza kuhlukaniswe kanje: ukuqedwa kokubhoboza kwekhava, ukuqedwa kokubhoboza kwe-liner;

2) .Indlela yokuqeda imbobo evulekile;

3). Indlela yokuqedela i-Slotted Liner;

4) Ukupakisha amatshe kuhlukaniswe ngokupakisha amatshe angenalutho, ukupakisha amatshe angenalutho kanye nesikrini samatshe esipakishwe kusengaphambili.

3.Idivayisi yokuqeda ikhanda lomthombo

Umthombo wakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu kusukela phezulu kuya phansi: idivayisi yekhanda lomthombo, intambo yokuqedela kanye nesakhiwo somgodi ongezansi.Idivayisi yekhanda lomthomboikakhulukazi kufaka phakathiikhanda lekhava, ikhanda lepayipikanye nomuthi kawoyela (igesi). Umsebenzi oyinhloko wedivayisi yekhanda lomthombo ukulengisa intambo yepayipi elingaphansi kanye nentambo yebhokisi, ipayipi lokuvala, isikhwama kanye nesikhala esiphakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zesikhwama ukulawula ukukhiqizwa komthombo kawoyela negesi, ukufakelwa kabusha (ukujova ngomusi, ukujova ngegesi, ukujova ngamanzi, ukwenza i-acid, ukuqhekeka kanye nokujova ngamakhemikhali, njll.) kanye nemishini ebalulekile yokukhiqiza okuphephile. Intambo yokuqeda ihlanganisa kakhulu amapayipi, isikhwama kanye namathuluzi emigodi ephansi ahlanganiswe ngokwemisebenzi ethile. Ukusebenzisa intambo yokuqeda ukuletha umkhiqizi noma umthombo wokujova ekukhiqizeni okuvamile kuyisinyathelo sokugcina enkambisweni yokuqeda. Uhlobo lomthombo (umthombo wokukhiqiza, umthombo wegesi, umthombo wokujova ngamanzi, umthombo wokujova ngomusi, umthombo wokujova ngegesi) luhlukile, futhi intambo yokuqeda ihlukile. Ngisho noma kuyimithombo yokukhiqiza, izindlela zokukhiqiza zihlukile, futhi intambo yokuqeda ihlukile.

Izindlela zamanje zokukhiqiza uwoyela zifaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha okufakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kanyeukuphakamisa okwenziwe (iphampu yenduku, ipompo ye-hydraulic piston, ipompo kagesi ecwiliswayo, ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela wegesi. Isakhiwo sembobo engezansi siyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo yamathuluzi nezintambo ezixhunywe ekugcineni kwentambo yokuqeda futhi zihambisana nendlela yokuqeda.

4.Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokusebenza

1) Beka imishini engaphezulu ngokwezidingo zomklamo

2). Misa ipayipi lokubhoboza noma intambo

3). Faka isivikelo/umsebenzi/ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kokuqhuma

4). Ukuklwebha imithombo yokuhlanza

5). Ukulinganisa ukujula okubhobozayo

6). Induku yokudubula

7). Ukuhlanza imithombo/ukuvula ipayipi

8). Sebenzisa ipayipi futhi

9). Sebenzisaumphakeli

10). Sebenzisa intambo yokulawula isihlabathi

11). Sebenzisa umucu wokukhiqiza

12). Ukususwa kwe-BOP yekhanda lomthombo

13). Ukufakwa kwesihlahla se-wellhead

14). Ukukhulula

15). Ukwamukelwa kokuwela umthombo

Xhumana: uJunnie Liu

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