Yini Okufanele Uyiqaphele Emisebenzini Yokudoba Ngepayipi Eligqwalile?

Embonini kawoyela negesi, ukudoba amapayipi agqwalile kuwumsebenzi obalulekile kodwa oyinselele. Njengoba amapayipi evame ukunqotshwa ukugqwala ngenxa yezici ezifana nezimo ezinzima zomgodi ongaphansi komhlaba, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngoketshezi, kanye nezinqubo ze-electrochemical, ubuqotho bawo besakhiwo buyancipha, okuholela ekuqhekekeni nasekuweleni ngaphakathi kwe-wellbor. Lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi yokudoba amapayipi agqwalile, izici ezilandelayo zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile:

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwesimo Somgodi Ophansi Okuqondile

 Ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokudoba, ukuqonda okuphelele ngesimo se-downhole kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunquma ngokunembile indawo kanye nobukhulu bokugqwala kwamapayipi, ukuma nesimo senhlanzi (i-tube ewile), kanye nembangela yokubanjwa kwayo. Amasu okuloba athuthukisiwe njenge-ultrasound imaging kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging angasetshenziswa ukuthola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nendawo ye-downhole. Isibonelo, eTahe Oilfield, ngenxa yezimo ze-downhole eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, kanye noketshezi olugqwalisayo, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwangaphambi kokusebenza kuyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokudoba olusebenzayo. Ukuqonda okungalungile noma okunganele ngesimo se-downhole kungaholela ekukhethweni kwamathuluzi nezindlela zokudoba ezingafanele, okwandisa ubunzima bomsebenzi.

2.KufanelekileIthuluzi LokudobaUkukhetha

Njengoba kunobungozi bepayipi elibolile, ukukhetha amathuluzi okudoba kubalulekile. Amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu angalimaza kakhulu ipayipi elivele libuthakathaka. Isibonelo, lapho udonga lwepayipi luncishiswa kakhulu ukugqwala, ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinamandla okubamba ngokweqile kungabangela kalula ukuthi ipayipi liqhekeke libe yizicucu eziningi. Esikhundleni salokho, amathuluzi anezindlela zokubamba ezithambile, njengemikhonto yokudoba etholakala ngama-slip e-elastic noma izimbiza zokudoba ezinezindawo zokubamba ezifakwe irabha, afaneleka kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo lapho inhlanzi inesimo esingajwayelekile, amathuluzi okudoba enziwe ngokwezifiso noma akhethekile angadingeka. Isibonelo, ukuze kufakwe ipayipi elinezindawo zokuphuka ezingajwayelekile, inhlanganisela ye-ithuluzi lokugayakungadingeka ukuthi kunqunywe ukuphuka kanye nethuluzi elifanele lokubamba ukuze kuthathwe indawo elandelayo.

3. Ukulawulwa Kwepharamitha Yokusebenza Okuqinile

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokudoba, ukulawulwa okuqinile kwamapharamitha okusebenza kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhilela izici zokulawula ezifana nesisindo ku-bit (WOB), isivinini sokujikeleza, kanye namandla okudonsa. I-WOB kufanele igcinwe ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile elingadluli ama-kN angu-5, ukuze kugwenywe ukulayisha ngokweqile ipayipi eligqwalile futhi libangele ukuthi liphuke. Ijubane lokujikeleza kufanele futhi libe lincane, ngokuvamile lingaphansi kwama-r/min angu-30, ukuvimbela i-torque eningi ukuthi ingalimazi ipayipi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kusetshenziswa amandla okudonsa ukuze kuthathwe izinhlanzi, kumele kwenziwe kancane kancane nangokuqaphela. Ukudonsa okungazelelwe noma ngokweqile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwepayipi noma ekukhishweni kwethuluzi. Endabeni yomthombo we-SZ 36 - 1A eBohai Oilfield, ukulawulwa okunembile kwalezi pharamitha kwakubalulekile ekubuyiselweni ngempumelelo kwepayipi eligqwalile nelinamathelisiwe.

4. Ukuqapha Kwangempela kanye Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sangempela komsebenzi wokudoba kubalulekile. Ukuqapha amapharamitha afana ne-torque yamathuluzi, amandla okudonsa, kanye nezakhiwo zoketshezi oluphuma emiseleni kunganikeza impendulo esheshayo ngentuthuko yomsebenzi. Noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile kulezi pharamitha, njengokwehla okungazelelwe kwamandla okudonsa (okubonisa ukuphuka kwamapayipi) noma ukwanda okukhulu kwe-torque (okuphakamisa ukuminyana kwamathuluzi noma ukuvaleka kwamapayipi), kufanele kubangele ukumiswa ngokushesha komsebenzi. Kuleli qophelo, isimo sidinga ukuhlaziywa kabusha, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukulungiswa okufanele ohlelweni lokudoba, njengokushintsha ithuluzi noma ukuguqula amapharamitha okusebenza. Isibonelo, uma ukuqapha kukhombisa ukuthi i-torque iyanda kancane ngesikhathi senqubo yokudoba, kungadingeka ukunciphisa isivinini sokujikeleza noma ukulungisa kancane indawo yethuluzi ukuze kugwenywe ukubhajwa.

5. Ukuvimbela Umonakalo Wesibili

Ukugwema umonakalo wesibili emgodini womgodi kanye nepayipi elisele kuyinto eza kuqala. Ngesikhathi sokudoba, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ungaklwebhi noma ulimaze igobolondo ngenkathi ulanda ipayipi elibolile. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anezindlela ezifanele zokuqondisa nezokuvikela, njenge-centralizers, kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ithuluzi lokudoba lihamba kahle emgodini womgodi ngaphandle kokushayisana negobolondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ugaya noma usika ipayipi elibolile (uma kudingeka), kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela imfucuza ukuthi ingavimbi ibhuloho noma ibangele umonakalo kweminye imishini yomgodi ongaphansi. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenzisa uketshezi lokuhlanza olubolile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza koketshezi okusebenzayo ukuze kuthuthwe imfucuza.

6. Ukuphathwa Koketshezi Oluhle

Uketshezi olunezimbobo zokudoba ludlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wokudoba. Alusizi nje kuphela ekupholiseni nasekugcobeni amathuluzi okudoba kodwa futhi luthinta ubuqotho bepayipi elibolile kanye nepayipi elibolile. Kwezinye izimo, uketshezi olunezimbobo zokudoba lungadinga ukulungiswa noma ukwelashwa. Isibonelo, uma uketshezi luqukethe izinto ezibolile ezingalimaza kakhulu ipayipi elisele noma amathuluzi okudoba, kungafakwa izithibi zokugqwala. Ezimweni lapho kunesilinganiso esikhulu noma imfucuza epayipini lokudoba, kungadingeka uketshezi lokuhlanza olufanele noma uketshezi olunamandla okuthwala athuthukisiwe ukuze kususwe ngempumelelo ukungcola nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokudoba okubushelelezi. Enkambisweni yokudoba amapayipi abolile kweminye imithombo, uketshezi olunezimbobo zokudoba lwalungiswa ngesikhathi esifanele, okwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi kwanciphisa ingozi yokunamathela kwethuluzi.

Ekuphetheni, imisebenzi yokudoba ngamapayipi agqwalile idinga izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe, ukuhlela ngokucophelela, kanye nokuqaliswa okuqinile. Ngokunaka lezi zici ezibalulekile, izinga lempumelelo yemisebenzi yokudoba lingathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuncishiswe umthelela ekukhiqizweni kukawoyela negesi futhi kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okungenzeka.

Xhumana: May Ye

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